Bibliometric analysis of the evolution of smart factories and sustainable manufacturing in Industry 4.0
摘要
This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of smart factory research published between 2014 and 2024, integrating technological, managerial, and sustainability perspectives within a single analytical framework. Using 1625 Scopus-indexed records, performance indicators and science mapping techniques, including co-citation, keyword co-occurrence, thematic mapping, and bibliographic coupling, were applied to address six research questions on publication trends, influential sources and authors, geographic distribution, intellectual structure, thematic evolution, and conceptual clustering. The results reveal sustained global growth in publications, with research output concentrated in industrially advanced nations, and thematic progression from foundational Industry 4.0 technologies toward Industry 5.0 priorities such as human-centricity, resilience, and environmental sustainability. Highly cited works form conceptual bridges between technology-focused and sustainability-oriented streams, while emerging themes include blockchain-enabled supply chains, AI-driven optimization, and circular manufacturing models. Gaps persist in the integration of social and managerial dimensions, geographic inclusivity, and empirical validation of thematic clusters. This study offers a replicable methodological blueprint for bibliometric research in manufacturing, actionable insights for technology adoption and policy design, and a forward-looking agenda for advancing inclusive and sustainable smart factory ecosystems.