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<p>This study evaluates the advancements of United Nations member countries in relation to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Based on the SDG Index and Dashboards database, it examines the&#xa0;regional disparities in the overall performance of the SDGs of 166 UN member countries spanning the years 2000–2023. It assesses, compares, and monitors the cumulative progress made by various countries and areas in the implementation of the 17 SDGs. Using&#xa0;Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test, the paired post hoc Dunn-Bonferroni test, and Spearman’s rank correlation, we found&#xa0;notable regional disparities in the advancement of countries toward the SDGs, with higher-income nations surpassing those with lower incomes. The OECD, Eastern Europe and Central Asia exhibited progress, whilst countries in Sub-Saharan Africa need to boost their SDG outcomes. Efforts in climate action, responsible consumption, and quality education have resulted in elevated mean ratings for the SDGs. In addition, the relationship between the SDG Index scores of nations and the international spillover scores reveals the extent to which the accomplishments of one country have an impact on other countries on a global scale. This research represents one of the initial examinations of how nations are changing and advancing with respect to the operationalization of the SDG Agenda. Given the current global context, it is essential to implement various strategies to mitigate adverse effects and assist UN Member States in achieving the SDGs while minimizing international spillover.</p>

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Regional disparities and international spillover in achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs) across the globe

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月30日

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  • Sunaina Kanojia,
  • Nidhi Kapoor,
  • Monica Chhabra,
  • Poonam Sethi

摘要

This study evaluates the advancements of United Nations member countries in relation to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Based on the SDG Index and Dashboards database, it examines the regional disparities in the overall performance of the SDGs of 166 UN member countries spanning the years 2000–2023. It assesses, compares, and monitors the cumulative progress made by various countries and areas in the implementation of the 17 SDGs. Using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test, the paired post hoc Dunn-Bonferroni test, and Spearman’s rank correlation, we found notable regional disparities in the advancement of countries toward the SDGs, with higher-income nations surpassing those with lower incomes. The OECD, Eastern Europe and Central Asia exhibited progress, whilst countries in Sub-Saharan Africa need to boost their SDG outcomes. Efforts in climate action, responsible consumption, and quality education have resulted in elevated mean ratings for the SDGs. In addition, the relationship between the SDG Index scores of nations and the international spillover scores reveals the extent to which the accomplishments of one country have an impact on other countries on a global scale. This research represents one of the initial examinations of how nations are changing and advancing with respect to the operationalization of the SDG Agenda. Given the current global context, it is essential to implement various strategies to mitigate adverse effects and assist UN Member States in achieving the SDGs while minimizing international spillover.