<p>The lack of detailed knowledge and understanding of spatiotemporal water consumption change in water-receiving areas makes it challenging to manage water resources in China’s South to North Water Diversion Project of the Middle Route. This study improved the index decomposition analysis by refining the category of water resource utilization into water intensity, industrial structure, industrialization income, industry extraction, and population size. We constructed the logarithmic mean division index model and the multi-regional spatial decomposition models to simulate the spatiotemporal differences in water utilization in water receiving areas. Particularly, this study focused on the specific impact process of advanced industrial structures and explored the driving factors of spatiotemporal differences in water consumption. The results indicate that the regional water-use intensity and the service industry extraction negatively influence water resource utilization. The advanced industrial structure and industrialization income positively affected the increase in water resource utilization. However, the positive effect on population size was insignificant. The increase in water resource utilization varies in each study area due to the hierarchy of water usage priority. This study suggests that the Henan and Hebei water-receiving areas need to continue implementing water-saving measures, and Henan, Tianjin, and Beijing should explore the development of advanced industrial structures to optimize water resource utilization. The study outcome is important in promoting the management, allocation, conservation, and circular utilization of water resources in the water-receiving area, leading to high-quality regional development.</p>