<p>This study assesses the impact of social network participation, particularly among women, the elderly, farmers, and cooperative organizations, on water security in rice cultivation in Central Vietnam. Data were collected from over 600 rice farms in the region using a convenience sampling method to assess the influence of these networks, and Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to address selection bias. The findings reveal that membership in cooperative organizations enhances water security in rice farming, while participation in women’s organizations and diverse social networks may reduce it. An instrumental variables approach also indicates that involvement in multiple organizations reduces water security. The findings suggest that the government should promote cooperative organizations, which effectively improve water security, while addressing challenges posed by women’s organizations and diverse social networks.</p>