<p>The study employed the super-efficiency SBM model to measure the digital economy efficiency of 30 provincial-level administrative regions in China from 2013 to 2022. Subsequently, we utilized the coupling coordination degree model to analyze the spatiotemporal coupling and coordination status between the diffusion of the “digital economy” concept and the development of the digital economy, using the Geodetector to explore the driving factors involved. The findings indicate that: (1) From 2013 to 2022, the overall efficiency of the digital economy rose slowly, with slight declines in 2015 and 2022. Among these, Shanghai had the highest average efficiency in the digital economy, while Heilongjiang had the lowest. (2)The diffusion of the “digital economy” concept and its development exhibit a coordinated relationship, with growth rates fluctuating significantly from 2013 to 2017. This has shifted to a slow but steady upward trend in recent years. Spatially, there are noticeable differences between the south and north, as well as between coastal and inland areas. (3) Regarding driving factors, the economic base, government intervention, and communication levels have consistently played significant roles. Later, the impetus from research investment, academic output, and digital finance factors progressively strengthened, creating a mechanism where internal and external elements jointly advance the coupled and coordinated relationship.</p>