<p>This study examines the sustainability and supply chain challenges within Africa's renewable energy sector, proposing solutions grounded in green supply chain management principles and Industry 4.0 technologies. Utilizing an interpretive research strategy, we collected qualitative data from mini-grid companies, regulatory authorities, and a global financial institution that funds renewable energy projects across the continent. Our findings reveal a range of supply chain issues related to importation processes, economic policies, regulatory frameworks, logistics, skills shortage, and corruption. Additionally, we identified sustainability challenges such as a lack of environmental awareness and inadequate end-of-life management practices. To address these issues, we propose green supply chain management practices like recycling, responsible sourcing, and carbon footprint assessment. We also advocate leveraging Industry 4.0 technologies—including the Internet of Things, blockchain, and big data analytics—for smart metering and energy management. This study offers vital insights into the supply chain and sustainability challenges within the renewable energy sector, presenting practical solutions through the integration of green supply chain management and industry 4.0 technologies. Also, by addressing barriers unique to a developing economy, the research provides insights into actionable strategies for policymakers and industry stakeholders to enhance efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and promote sustainable development.&#xa0;The study similarly underscores practical implications, calling for robust strategies to resolve supply chain and sustainability challenges, the enactment of policies favourable to the renewable energy sector, and enhanced collaboration among government departments and law enforcement agencies.</p>