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<p>Nitrogen (N) management in agriculture is intrinsically linked to fossil energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, with soil tillage itinerary acting as a primary driver of this indirect footprint. This study evaluated the impact of three crop establishment itineraries (no-tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT), and conventional tillage (CT)) on fuel consumption, energy use, and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions associated with N management under Mediterranean conditions. Using high-resolution tractor-mounted telemetry (20&#xa0;Hz), engine performance and fuel demand were monitored on a four-ha field in Elvas, Portugal. Results revealed significant differences: NT required the lowest fuel consumption (18.96&#xa0;L ha⁻¹), reducing energy-related CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by more than 50% compared to CT, which exhibited the highest energy demand due to intensive primary tillage. These findings conclude that tillage choice significantly affects N-related sustainability, as reducing soil disturbance is a key lever for lowering the indirect energy footprint of crop establishment. Furthermore, telemetry-based monitoring proved to be a robust tool for the precise assessment of energy–N interactions at the field scale. Adoption of reduced tillage practices, particularly NT, offers a climate-smart strategy to enhance N-related energy efficiency and meet sustainability targets in Mediterranean cropping systems.</p>

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The Influence of Tillage Itinerary on Nitrogen-related Energy Use and CO₂ Emissions During Annual Crop Establishment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月5日

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  • Luís Alcino Conceição,
  • Luís Silva,
  • João Ramos,
  • Francesco Toscano,
  • Costanza Fiorentino,
  • Paola D’Antonio

摘要

Nitrogen (N) management in agriculture is intrinsically linked to fossil energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, with soil tillage itinerary acting as a primary driver of this indirect footprint. This study evaluated the impact of three crop establishment itineraries (no-tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT), and conventional tillage (CT)) on fuel consumption, energy use, and CO2 emissions associated with N management under Mediterranean conditions. Using high-resolution tractor-mounted telemetry (20 Hz), engine performance and fuel demand were monitored on a four-ha field in Elvas, Portugal. Results revealed significant differences: NT required the lowest fuel consumption (18.96 L ha⁻¹), reducing energy-related CO2 emissions by more than 50% compared to CT, which exhibited the highest energy demand due to intensive primary tillage. These findings conclude that tillage choice significantly affects N-related sustainability, as reducing soil disturbance is a key lever for lowering the indirect energy footprint of crop establishment. Furthermore, telemetry-based monitoring proved to be a robust tool for the precise assessment of energy–N interactions at the field scale. Adoption of reduced tillage practices, particularly NT, offers a climate-smart strategy to enhance N-related energy efficiency and meet sustainability targets in Mediterranean cropping systems.