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<p>A Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) is a structured method for assessing the economic performance of industrial processes and the feasibility of scaling up or industrializing various technologies. Global regulatory frameworks are enforcing stricter standards for wastewater treatment and disposal. The present study evaluates the use of wastewater as a nutrient medium for microalgal cultivation to reduce freshwater consumption and nutrient-related production costs. This work presents a technoeconomic and sensitivity analysis of β-carotene-rich <i>Dunaliella salina</i> produced sustainably using food processing industry wastewater as cultivation media. It also evaluates the economic viability compared to defined media like Conway, f/2 and Modified Johnson media. The key cost drivers of the techno economic model were capital expenses (raceway systems, harvesting equipment, and downstream processing units) and operating expenses (energy, nutrients, labour, and maintenance). It also explores revenue potential and commercial feasibility of producing of β-carotene rich <i>Dunaliella salina</i> by using wastewater as growth medium. Sensitivity analysis examined how market forces, process efficiency, and scalability influence profitability. The results show that production of <i>Dunaliella salina</i> in wastewater as a growth medium, lowers production costs, the fastest capital recovery and increase annual profits by 14% with Net Present Values about 45% greater than defined media like Conway and f/2 media under baseline conditions. Its Internal Rate of Return of nearly 19% indicated superior capital efficiency. This supports circular bioeconomy goals by reducing wastewater pollution and enabling resource recovery through increased biomass yield. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers aiming to develop sustainable, high-value products.</p>

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Techno-Economic Analysis for the Commercialization and Market Viability of β-Carotene Sustainably Produced from Dunaliella salina Utilizing Saline Wastewater

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

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  • Balaji Elangovan,
  • Swaminathan Detchanamurthy,
  • Sudarshana Deepa Vijayakumar,
  • Vinoth Kumar Raja

摘要

A Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) is a structured method for assessing the economic performance of industrial processes and the feasibility of scaling up or industrializing various technologies. Global regulatory frameworks are enforcing stricter standards for wastewater treatment and disposal. The present study evaluates the use of wastewater as a nutrient medium for microalgal cultivation to reduce freshwater consumption and nutrient-related production costs. This work presents a technoeconomic and sensitivity analysis of β-carotene-rich Dunaliella salina produced sustainably using food processing industry wastewater as cultivation media. It also evaluates the economic viability compared to defined media like Conway, f/2 and Modified Johnson media. The key cost drivers of the techno economic model were capital expenses (raceway systems, harvesting equipment, and downstream processing units) and operating expenses (energy, nutrients, labour, and maintenance). It also explores revenue potential and commercial feasibility of producing of β-carotene rich Dunaliella salina by using wastewater as growth medium. Sensitivity analysis examined how market forces, process efficiency, and scalability influence profitability. The results show that production of Dunaliella salina in wastewater as a growth medium, lowers production costs, the fastest capital recovery and increase annual profits by 14% with Net Present Values about 45% greater than defined media like Conway and f/2 media under baseline conditions. Its Internal Rate of Return of nearly 19% indicated superior capital efficiency. This supports circular bioeconomy goals by reducing wastewater pollution and enabling resource recovery through increased biomass yield. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers aiming to develop sustainable, high-value products.