A Novel Circular Strategies Framework for Steel and Composites in the Wind Turbine Industry
摘要
Wind turbines have significant environmental impacts during the manufacturing and end-of-life stages. The EU targets require the installation of an additional 453 GW capacity by 2030 while 5.6 GW is expected to be decommissioned in the same period due to wind turbines reaching the end of their useful life. Consequently, the development of wind power puts pressure on natural and energy resources. Circular strategies can help manufacturers, wind farm operators, and other actors in their value chain to make their processes more efficient. There is, however, a lack of common definitions and frameworks for circular strategies in this industry, both in academic literature and in practice. This study closes this gap by proposing a comprehensive framework for circular strategies in the wind turbine industry for steel and composite components. First, an initial framework was developed through a literature review. To complement and adjust this theoretical framework, 24 interviews were subsequently conducted with practitioners, covering the entirety of the European wind value chain and including the next-service-life and end-of-service-life stages. The results demonstrate that a broad range of circular strategies are applied across the entire value chain and during all service-life stages for composite and steel components, while some strategies are not yet fully implemented. As a result of this research, it is suggested that future research should focus on developing viable circular value chains and business models to contribute to a circular wind turbine industry that builds on the circular strategy framework developed in this study.