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<p>The transition from linear plastic packaging systems to circular configurations remains conceptually advanced but operationally fragmented. While circular economy (CE) principles are widely promoted, their integration into business model structures often overemphasizes recycling and underutilizes higher-order circular strategies and regenerative design principles. This study addresses this limitation through a systematic literature review conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, analyzing 160 peer-reviewed articles published between 2017 and early 2025. The review identifies three major gaps: (1) overreliance on recycling strategies, (2) insufficient integration of economic and social sustainability dimensions, and (3) limited operationalization of high-order circular strategies within packaging value chains. In response, the study proposes an integrative circular business model framework that operationalizes the 10R hierarchy and embeds Cradle-to-Cradle (C2C) principles into Business Model Canvas elements. The framework reconfigures partnerships, activities, resources, value propositions, and revenue mechanisms through closed-loop supply chains, eco-design, traceability systems, and multi-actor governance structures. A measurable indicator system aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) enhances analytical and policy relevance. The framework is validated through a pilot application in the plastic packaging sector, demonstrating improved recycled content integration, enhanced stakeholder coordination, and strengthened value retention mechanisms. By bridging academic theory and practitioner-oriented circular initiatives, the study contributes an operational and systemically coherent architecture for regenerative packaging transition.</p>

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Towards Closed-Loop Plastic Packaging: Business Model Innovation in a Circular Economy Context

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Anwar Jlalia,
  • Mohamed Amir Keskes,
  • Diala Dhouib

摘要

The transition from linear plastic packaging systems to circular configurations remains conceptually advanced but operationally fragmented. While circular economy (CE) principles are widely promoted, their integration into business model structures often overemphasizes recycling and underutilizes higher-order circular strategies and regenerative design principles. This study addresses this limitation through a systematic literature review conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, analyzing 160 peer-reviewed articles published between 2017 and early 2025. The review identifies three major gaps: (1) overreliance on recycling strategies, (2) insufficient integration of economic and social sustainability dimensions, and (3) limited operationalization of high-order circular strategies within packaging value chains. In response, the study proposes an integrative circular business model framework that operationalizes the 10R hierarchy and embeds Cradle-to-Cradle (C2C) principles into Business Model Canvas elements. The framework reconfigures partnerships, activities, resources, value propositions, and revenue mechanisms through closed-loop supply chains, eco-design, traceability systems, and multi-actor governance structures. A measurable indicator system aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) enhances analytical and policy relevance. The framework is validated through a pilot application in the plastic packaging sector, demonstrating improved recycled content integration, enhanced stakeholder coordination, and strengthened value retention mechanisms. By bridging academic theory and practitioner-oriented circular initiatives, the study contributes an operational and systemically coherent architecture for regenerative packaging transition.