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<p>Electric mobility is being promoted as a solution to achieve a low-carbon and resource-efficient transportation sector in a circular economy (CE) paradigm. But its uptake is not uniform in ecologically vulnerable and geo-climatically diverse areas. This research investigates the sustainability and CE aspects of electric vehicle (EV) uptake in Jammu &amp; Kashmir (J&amp;K) and Ladakh, India. These areas are high-altitude, sparsely populated and have limited infrastructure. This study used a mixed-methods approach that includes secondary data on EV registrations and public charging infrastructure (obtained from government data sources in June 2025) and primary survey data (<i>n</i> = 230) to evaluate the spatial, infrastructural and behavioural factors of EV adoption. This analysis shows substantial regional inequalities, with J&amp;K and Ladakh having less than 1% of public charging infrastructure in India. The survey results suggest that the major barriers to EV uptake are the lack of infrastructure (36.1%) and low charging speed (30.1%) despite 57.4% of the sample being willing to adopt EVs. An inferential analysis (cross-tabulation and chi-square test) reveals no significant link between socio-economic factors and willingness to adopt EVs, suggesting that EV adoption is likely constrained by systemic issues. The results indicate, from a CE perspective, that low infrastructure efficiency and availability are key drivers of EV adoption. The findings suggest that a shift from linear thinking in infrastructure design to efficiency and resource use is required in fragile regions. The study contributes by providing one of the first district-level, system-oriented assessments of EV adoption in fragile mountain regions, by integrating spatial, behavioural, and infrastructural dimensions. It also proposes a phased terrain-sensitive transition strategy focusing on decentralised renewable energy charging, efficient use of infrastructure and local maintenance services to facilitate a resilient, efficient and inclusive electric mobility transition.</p>

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Sustainability and Circular Economy Implications of Electric Mobility in Ecologically Sensitive Mountain Terrains of India: Evidence from Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • Shubham Kumar Verma,
  • Sanjeev Anand,
  • Nitish Sharma,
  • Rudraksh S. Gupta,
  • Chinmaya Swain,
  • Ravij Seth,
  • Yatheshth Anand

摘要

Electric mobility is being promoted as a solution to achieve a low-carbon and resource-efficient transportation sector in a circular economy (CE) paradigm. But its uptake is not uniform in ecologically vulnerable and geo-climatically diverse areas. This research investigates the sustainability and CE aspects of electric vehicle (EV) uptake in Jammu & Kashmir (J&K) and Ladakh, India. These areas are high-altitude, sparsely populated and have limited infrastructure. This study used a mixed-methods approach that includes secondary data on EV registrations and public charging infrastructure (obtained from government data sources in June 2025) and primary survey data (n = 230) to evaluate the spatial, infrastructural and behavioural factors of EV adoption. This analysis shows substantial regional inequalities, with J&K and Ladakh having less than 1% of public charging infrastructure in India. The survey results suggest that the major barriers to EV uptake are the lack of infrastructure (36.1%) and low charging speed (30.1%) despite 57.4% of the sample being willing to adopt EVs. An inferential analysis (cross-tabulation and chi-square test) reveals no significant link between socio-economic factors and willingness to adopt EVs, suggesting that EV adoption is likely constrained by systemic issues. The results indicate, from a CE perspective, that low infrastructure efficiency and availability are key drivers of EV adoption. The findings suggest that a shift from linear thinking in infrastructure design to efficiency and resource use is required in fragile regions. The study contributes by providing one of the first district-level, system-oriented assessments of EV adoption in fragile mountain regions, by integrating spatial, behavioural, and infrastructural dimensions. It also proposes a phased terrain-sensitive transition strategy focusing on decentralised renewable energy charging, efficient use of infrastructure and local maintenance services to facilitate a resilient, efficient and inclusive electric mobility transition.