Valorization of Genipap Peel and Seeds as Sources of Bioactive Compounds: a Review
摘要
Fruit processing generates large volumes of residues that are often underutilized, despite their functional and nutritional value being comparable to or even higher than that of fresh fruits. Genipap (Genipa americana L.) stands out due to its richness in bioactive compounds, including iridoids, phenolics, and flavonoids, as well as the natural blue pigment derived from the fruit. In juice production, approximately 40% of the fruit mass is discarded, representing a significant fraction of agro-industrial residues with high valorization potential. This study aimed to analyze the scientific production and technological potential of genipap residues, particularly peels and seeds, through a combined bibliographic review and scientometric analysis. Data were retrieved from the Scopus and Web of Science databases and processed using RStudio, OpenRefine, VOSviewer, and the Bibliometrix package (Biblioshiny interface). The results indicate that Brazil leads global scientific output on this topic, with a predominance of studies focused on the characterization of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, while overall global production remains limited. However, significant methodological heterogeneity was observed, along with a lack of studies addressing large-scale applications, including aspects related to process standardization, compound stability, and regulatory compliance. Both the fruit and its residues, especially peels and seeds, demonstrate promising potential for applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical sectors, contributing to sustainability, circular economy, and value addition. These findings position genipap residues as promising resources within a circular economy framework, highlighting their potential to support sustainable valorization strategies and reduce the environmental impact associated with agro-industrial waste.