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<p>As the global population continues to rise and urban areas expand rapidly, ensuring food security worldwide presents a formidable challenge that many nations are striving to address. Eco-cities are becoming crucial platforms for rethinking sustainable food production, where artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) merge to integrate agriculture into urban settings. This review emphasizes on a green eco-city framework that incorporates AI-IoT technologies for farming, aiming to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through precision-focused methods. Recent innovations like IoT-enabled wireless sensors for real-time monitoring of soil moisture, nutrient levels and crop health enhance resource efficiency in controlled environments. Microcontrollers, along with sensors, enable automated irrigation systems that minimize water waste by assessing crop-specific requirements based on soil and climate data while boosting yields. This concept aligns with SDG 2 by strengthening local food security through resilient and year-round farming. AI algorithms analyze sensor data for predictive pest-detection and variable-rate fertilization using GIS integration, supporting SDG 12 by reducing chemical use and environmental impact. Unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with infrared sensors allow for aerial surveillance of rooftop gardens and peri-urban plots, identifying water-stressed areas for targeted action, thereby promoting SDG 13 and SDG 11 through the reduction of urban heat islands and creating biodiverse green spaces. Despite ongoing challenges in implementation, directions for future studies are proposed to ensure that this integrated approach not only sustains ecosystems but also fosters inclusive, resilient communities, thereby paving a practical path toward the 2030 Agenda.</p>

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Techno-Ecological Synergies: AI-IoT Strategies for Agrifood Systems in Sustainable Eco-Cities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月6日

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  • Pooja Sharma,
  • Sonia Malik,
  • Mehar Chand

摘要

As the global population continues to rise and urban areas expand rapidly, ensuring food security worldwide presents a formidable challenge that many nations are striving to address. Eco-cities are becoming crucial platforms for rethinking sustainable food production, where artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) merge to integrate agriculture into urban settings. This review emphasizes on a green eco-city framework that incorporates AI-IoT technologies for farming, aiming to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through precision-focused methods. Recent innovations like IoT-enabled wireless sensors for real-time monitoring of soil moisture, nutrient levels and crop health enhance resource efficiency in controlled environments. Microcontrollers, along with sensors, enable automated irrigation systems that minimize water waste by assessing crop-specific requirements based on soil and climate data while boosting yields. This concept aligns with SDG 2 by strengthening local food security through resilient and year-round farming. AI algorithms analyze sensor data for predictive pest-detection and variable-rate fertilization using GIS integration, supporting SDG 12 by reducing chemical use and environmental impact. Unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with infrared sensors allow for aerial surveillance of rooftop gardens and peri-urban plots, identifying water-stressed areas for targeted action, thereby promoting SDG 13 and SDG 11 through the reduction of urban heat islands and creating biodiverse green spaces. Despite ongoing challenges in implementation, directions for future studies are proposed to ensure that this integrated approach not only sustains ecosystems but also fosters inclusive, resilient communities, thereby paving a practical path toward the 2030 Agenda.