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<p>The growing demand for sustainable e-waste management highlights the need for efficient end-of-life Printed Circuit Board (PCB) selective disassembly methods. This study assess four techniques—manual disassembly, abrasive wheel, solder bath heating, and hot air heating—focused on recovering capacitor components. A Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) framework was applied using six indicators: equipment cost, disassembly duration, energy consumption, recovery rate, labor/material costs, and environmental impact from Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Experiments on customized PCBs with through-hole (THT) and surface-mount (SMT) capacitors measured process duration, energy use, and recovery performance. Results show thermal methods achieve the highest recovery rates but generate greater energy demand and emissions. Mechanical and manual methods reduce environmental impact but at lower recovery efficiency. MCA scoring ranks abrasive wheel as best for THT disassembly, while hot air heating is optimal for SMT. Integrating LCA into MCA enables a holistic assessment and supports informed decision-making for sustainable disassembly strategies and early-stage industry adoption.</p>

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Comparative Assessment of Selective Disassembly Methods of End-of-Life PCB Using Multi-Criteria Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月2日

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  • Irwan Haryanto,
  • Aulia Qisthi Mairizal,
  • M. Akbar Rhamdhani,
  • Radon Dhelika

摘要

The growing demand for sustainable e-waste management highlights the need for efficient end-of-life Printed Circuit Board (PCB) selective disassembly methods. This study assess four techniques—manual disassembly, abrasive wheel, solder bath heating, and hot air heating—focused on recovering capacitor components. A Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) framework was applied using six indicators: equipment cost, disassembly duration, energy consumption, recovery rate, labor/material costs, and environmental impact from Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Experiments on customized PCBs with through-hole (THT) and surface-mount (SMT) capacitors measured process duration, energy use, and recovery performance. Results show thermal methods achieve the highest recovery rates but generate greater energy demand and emissions. Mechanical and manual methods reduce environmental impact but at lower recovery efficiency. MCA scoring ranks abrasive wheel as best for THT disassembly, while hot air heating is optimal for SMT. Integrating LCA into MCA enables a holistic assessment and supports informed decision-making for sustainable disassembly strategies and early-stage industry adoption.