Integration of Circular Economy Principles in Water and Wastewater Management for Sustainable Agriculture
摘要
In the context of climate change, water scarcity, exacerbated by the intensive use of freshwater in irrigated agriculture, is becoming a major challenge at a global scale. Therefore, transitioning water and wastewater (WW) management to a Circular Economy (CE) for sustainable agriculture is imperative. To better understand where we stand on this transition path, this article provides a comprehensive synthesis of the implementation of CE principles in the WW sector for agricultural applications. We conducted a bibliometric analysis of 113 articles from 2019 to 2025. Information was systematically extracted using a predefined framework, considering the applied technologies, addressed CE principles, treatment methods, application in agriculture, indicators used to measure performance, scale of implementation, the geographical context, involved stakeholders, and Technology Readiness Level (TRL). To classify each study according to CE principles, we developed a decision matrix based on the framework proposed by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, operationalized for WW management in agriculture. The results indicated that most of the studies focused on nutrient recovery, followed by water reuse, energy generation, and bioplastic production. Performance varied widely depending on the WW source and technology. Despite promising outcomes, the adoption of CE strategies remains limited by low technological maturity and fragmented regulatory frameworks. This review highlights the need for integrated, multi-resource approaches and stronger stakeholder participation to accelerate the transition toward circular water and wastewater management in agriculture.