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<p>Throughout history, self-determination struggle groups and/or separatist movements have faced different forms of proscribing and repressing strategies by the governments they challenge. Among a wide spectrum of countering measures, ‘framing terrorism’ as a means of control has been a recurring practice to delegitimize these groups and movements. This paper comparatively examines the state strategies of ‘framing terrorism’ and the use of force in Canada, India, and China as a response to the separatist movements and self-determination struggles. By critically analyzing the political and military strategies used by these states, it discusses how the systemic production of the state of exception led to criminalization, tribalization, banning, rightlessness, and subjugation in the name of fighting terrorism across the cases. It also identifies the racialized necropolitical ruptures in terms of nature, application, and ramifications of framing terrorism in the post-9/11 temporality.</p>

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The (Necro)Politics of Framing Terrorism in Countering Separatist Movements: Strategies and Human Rights Implications in Quebec, Kashmir, and Xinjiang

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月9日

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  • Md. Nazmul Arefin

摘要

Throughout history, self-determination struggle groups and/or separatist movements have faced different forms of proscribing and repressing strategies by the governments they challenge. Among a wide spectrum of countering measures, ‘framing terrorism’ as a means of control has been a recurring practice to delegitimize these groups and movements. This paper comparatively examines the state strategies of ‘framing terrorism’ and the use of force in Canada, India, and China as a response to the separatist movements and self-determination struggles. By critically analyzing the political and military strategies used by these states, it discusses how the systemic production of the state of exception led to criminalization, tribalization, banning, rightlessness, and subjugation in the name of fighting terrorism across the cases. It also identifies the racialized necropolitical ruptures in terms of nature, application, and ramifications of framing terrorism in the post-9/11 temporality.