External collaborations for small and medium enterprises’ Internationalization: A review and research agenda
摘要
This study employs the Antecedents, Decisions, and Outcomes (ADO) framework to systematically review 48 peer-reviewed articles (2010–2024) on external collaborations and the internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), identified through the Scopus database. The analysis categorizes key themes into antecedents, decisions, and outcomes. The findings reveal a theoretical dominance of the resource-based view and network theory, with a strong geographical focus on developed economies and a methodological reliance on quantitative, cross-sectional designs. The study offers actionable implications for SMEs and policymakers, emphasizing the strategic value of partnerships, digital platforms, and institutional support in overcoming resource constraints. By applying the ADO framework, this review contributes to a more structured understanding of external collaborations in SME internationalization and outlines a future research agenda to address emerging challenges and opportunities in this domain.