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<p>When economies falter, remittances often rise rather than fall, suggesting motivations beyond economic calculation. This study applies a moral economy framework, treating cross-border transfers as routinized practices shaped by obligations of care and reciprocity. Using panel data from six remittance-dependent economies (Uzbekistan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan) over 2000–2024, dynamic fixed-effects models reveal strong persistence in remittance inflows and systematic increases during within-country economic strain. By contrast, aggregate old-age dependency does not amplify these inflows; under low-income conditions, its effect is negative, indicating that demographic aging dampens rather than intensifies remittance responsiveness at the national level. This is not evidence against care obligations but evidence of their scale: relational duties operate in households and networks that aggregate indicators cannot recover. The results complement altruistic and insurance accounts and clarify the relational scale at which moral obligation operates.</p>

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A moral economy of remittances: persistence and responsiveness across migrant-sending economies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月4日

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  • Ikhtiyor Rasulov,
  • Julia Jiwon Shin

摘要

When economies falter, remittances often rise rather than fall, suggesting motivations beyond economic calculation. This study applies a moral economy framework, treating cross-border transfers as routinized practices shaped by obligations of care and reciprocity. Using panel data from six remittance-dependent economies (Uzbekistan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan) over 2000–2024, dynamic fixed-effects models reveal strong persistence in remittance inflows and systematic increases during within-country economic strain. By contrast, aggregate old-age dependency does not amplify these inflows; under low-income conditions, its effect is negative, indicating that demographic aging dampens rather than intensifies remittance responsiveness at the national level. This is not evidence against care obligations but evidence of their scale: relational duties operate in households and networks that aggregate indicators cannot recover. The results complement altruistic and insurance accounts and clarify the relational scale at which moral obligation operates.