<p>This article explores refugee women’s entrepreneurship as a socially embedded pathway of integration shaped by forced displacement, gendered labor regimes, and legal uncertainty. Focusing on Syrian refugee women in Turkey, the study approaches entrepreneurship not merely as an income-generating activity but as a set of everyday practices through which women negotiate agency, belonging, and participation within the host society. The analysis draws on qualitative fieldwork based on in-depth interviews with 20 Syrian women entrepreneurs operating across different sectors. The findings indicate that women’s entrepreneurial activities are largely necessity-driven, small-scale, and closely intertwined with informal and family-based labor arrangements. Temporary protection status, limited access to financial resources, bureaucratic complexity, and gendered social expectations intersect to constrain business growth and formalization. At the same time, entrepreneurship enables refugee women to mobilize informal solidarity networks, develop coping strategies, and build social ties that support forms of integration extending beyond formal labor market participation. By linking refugee women’s entrepreneurship to debates on necessity entrepreneurship, gendered agency, and institutional constraint, the study contributes to migration and entrepreneurship scholarship by showing how entrepreneurial practices function as mechanisms of social positioning under conditions of structural exclusion. The article concludes by discussing broader implications for understanding refugee women’s economic participation.</p>

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Social integration in the context of refugee women’s entrepreneurship: the experiences of Syrian women in Turkey

  • Behiye Körpe Abdullatif

摘要

This article explores refugee women’s entrepreneurship as a socially embedded pathway of integration shaped by forced displacement, gendered labor regimes, and legal uncertainty. Focusing on Syrian refugee women in Turkey, the study approaches entrepreneurship not merely as an income-generating activity but as a set of everyday practices through which women negotiate agency, belonging, and participation within the host society. The analysis draws on qualitative fieldwork based on in-depth interviews with 20 Syrian women entrepreneurs operating across different sectors. The findings indicate that women’s entrepreneurial activities are largely necessity-driven, small-scale, and closely intertwined with informal and family-based labor arrangements. Temporary protection status, limited access to financial resources, bureaucratic complexity, and gendered social expectations intersect to constrain business growth and formalization. At the same time, entrepreneurship enables refugee women to mobilize informal solidarity networks, develop coping strategies, and build social ties that support forms of integration extending beyond formal labor market participation. By linking refugee women’s entrepreneurship to debates on necessity entrepreneurship, gendered agency, and institutional constraint, the study contributes to migration and entrepreneurship scholarship by showing how entrepreneurial practices function as mechanisms of social positioning under conditions of structural exclusion. The article concludes by discussing broader implications for understanding refugee women’s economic participation.