Public policy approaches to countering terrorism in the Global South: a scoping review
摘要
Although terrorist attacks in the Global South has a long history, terrorism gained significance after the 11 September 2001 attack which resulted in the war against terrorism. Since then, terrorism has often been considered a common global enemy. More so, the recent focus of terrorists in recruiting women and children makes terrorism a serious canker especially in the Global South where it is on the rise. In response, countries have adopted different public policy approaches to countering terrorism. Although, some studies have explored these policies, they largely focused on public policy approaches of specific individual countries or regions, thereby, missing a holistic understanding of policy approaches targeted at combating terrorism in the Global South. The current study therefore sought to synthesize public policy approaches geared towards countering terrorism from various countries in the Global South. The PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) was used to guide the scoping review. The results suggested that the most widely used public policy approach for countering terrorism in the Global South is militarization. However, counter radicalization policies were observed as necessary complement for the success of militarization. Therefore, the key recommendation is a blend of militarization and counter radicalization policies, in other words, both hard and soft policies, as a balance of both would most likely produce better policy outcomes.