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<p>This study explores the supply and demand dynamics driving human trafficking along the eastern route to the Gulf States, focusing on both economic and non-economic factors that sustain this complex issue. A phenomenological approach was utilized, involving in-depth interviews with 13 participants, including migrants, returnees, refugees, and relatives of trafficking victims. Participants described being bought and sold in transit points like Djibouti and Yemen, revealing a disturbing commodification of humans that echoes modern-day slavery. While the supply and demand theory provides insight into the transactional aspects of trafficking markets, the research emphasizes crucial non-economic elements such as gendered vulnerability, deceptive recruitment practices, and the impact of globalization. Traffickers leverage patriarchal norms, misinformation spread via social media, and trust-based social networks. Ransom-based trafficking is identified as a less recognized form, characterized by psychological coercion and financial extortion through digital platforms. Additionally, intermediaries like brokers, drivers, and corrupt officials significantly maintain trafficking networks by managing victim flows and responding to market demands. The findings highlight the complexity of multi-level drivers and actor networks that sustain trafficking along this route. This complexity suggests the need for comprehensive, intersectional interventions that address vulnerabilities and market demands through regional cooperation, legal reforms, and community awareness.</p>

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Commodifying the vulnerable: forms of human trafficking along the eastern route to the Gulf States

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月24日

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  • Getye Abneh Tadesse,
  • Tesfaye Tafesse

摘要

This study explores the supply and demand dynamics driving human trafficking along the eastern route to the Gulf States, focusing on both economic and non-economic factors that sustain this complex issue. A phenomenological approach was utilized, involving in-depth interviews with 13 participants, including migrants, returnees, refugees, and relatives of trafficking victims. Participants described being bought and sold in transit points like Djibouti and Yemen, revealing a disturbing commodification of humans that echoes modern-day slavery. While the supply and demand theory provides insight into the transactional aspects of trafficking markets, the research emphasizes crucial non-economic elements such as gendered vulnerability, deceptive recruitment practices, and the impact of globalization. Traffickers leverage patriarchal norms, misinformation spread via social media, and trust-based social networks. Ransom-based trafficking is identified as a less recognized form, characterized by psychological coercion and financial extortion through digital platforms. Additionally, intermediaries like brokers, drivers, and corrupt officials significantly maintain trafficking networks by managing victim flows and responding to market demands. The findings highlight the complexity of multi-level drivers and actor networks that sustain trafficking along this route. This complexity suggests the need for comprehensive, intersectional interventions that address vulnerabilities and market demands through regional cooperation, legal reforms, and community awareness.