Revolutions and social time: a theoretical analysis
摘要
This article is mainly theoretical and aims at an integration of different theories of revolution by the concepts of social clocks and social time. Contrary to physical time, social time is multidimensional. Depending on the facet of life citizens are looking at, people may simultaneously live in different times: while having access to modern tertiary education, they may e.g. live in a backwardly rural economy with no modern jobs. Obviously, such asynchronies create tensions that lead to social change, which is sometimes fast and violent. In terms of social time, this means a resynchronisation of social clocks and consequently a reduction of tensions. Hence, this article investigates the changing asynchronies between different social clocks before, during, and after a revolution. We postulate that in the period before a revolution social clocks are running at different paces and increase this way their mutual asynchronies. Since the lagged clocks point to material or immaterial deficits as compared to a synchronised social situation, asynchronies may finally trigger a socio-political revolution, which leads to the acceleration of the lagged clocks. However, by social comparison an initial revolution may create new asynchronies in other regions and life-domains, which can finally trigger secondary revolutions.