From generative hierarchicality to parallel-dialogic syntax: modeling typological protolanguage

The syntactic studies of Indo-European languages are characterized by the epistemological stance of subject-predicate parse or verb/tense-as-the-head oriented approach. Contrary to subject-predicate construction based upon hierarchicality, I define parallel-dialogic syntax as multiple non-hierarchically constructed run-on constituents or clauses in parallel status, in which each constituent or clause dialogically complements the meaning of another. The protolanguage originates from dialogic-oriented nature and ushers in linguistic evolution, with some languages moving towards subject-predicate structure and some consolidating the status of dialogic parallelism. The formalization of parallel-dialogic syntax evolves to be the grammaticalization of many morphologically less salient languages. Parallel-dialogic syntax contains the subject-predicate structure, whereas subject-predicate constructions fail to be fully compatible with parallel-dialogic syntax. I argue that such syntactic representation in view of palindrome, referential tautology, antithetical couplet, and intertextuality is rooted in the incipient dialogic nature of languages. The study surpasses individual syntactic theories and contributes to theorizing the generalized protolanguage of evolutive typology.