<p>A parallel development akin to the spread of trade “western biomedicine” (as it came to be known later) too entered, accompanied by both diplomatic and military missions beyond the expanding boundaries of British India. It formally entered the Sub-Himalayan Bengal region in the 1870s after the annexation of the Bhutanese Duars and was subsequently developed under the aegis of imperial rule. Other prevalent forces too played a part in the spread of the new medical system into the mountainous tracts, of which a substantial involvement was that of the Christian missionaries, a discrete if loosely linked force. The contributions of the Church Mission of Scotland in this region were deemed significant by the colonial government. The enmeshing of the missionary and the medical with the political with special reference to the impact of new medical systems on the indigenous population of the region, medicine as a tool of proselytization by the missionaries, the contribution of women missionaries towards healthcare, advancement of dispensaries and hospitals, the impact of new medical systems on the indigenous population of the region, medicine as a tool of proselytization by the missionaries, the contribution of women missionaries towards healthcare, advancement of dispensaries and hospitals established in the process and the legacies they left behind for posterity coinciding with the formation of the Church of Northern India (CNI) constitute the crux of the investigation.</p>