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<p>Heavy metal contaminants&#xa0;are carcinogenic, poisonous, and persistent towards the environment and human life. In this view, for the eradication of harmful heavy metals from polluted water, there is a need to develop a novel and environmentally benign biosorbent with high efficiency and low cost compared to native biomaterial. In the present study, <i>Tectona grandis</i> (teak) leaves are utilized to synthesize an effective biosorbent (TGLB) and explored it for the adsorptive removal of cadmium (II) from wastewater. The structural and morphological characteristics of the biosorbent were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), point of zero charge (pH<sub>PZC</sub>), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) textural analysis. In the batch investigations, variables such as pH, time, dose of biosorbent, temperature, and concentration of metal ions were altered. 93.2% maximal elimination at ideal pH 5 was achieved for a 5&#xa0;g biosorbent dose,&#xa0;a working solution of 10&#xa0;mg/L purity after a 45&#xa0;min contact duration. In order to validate the research, the experimental findings were undergone to One-way ANOVA and t-test; also RMSE and χ<sub>red</sub><sup>2</sup> values were evaluated. The Freundlich sorption isotherm model (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9069) was the best match for experimental outcomes, so was the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9686). The desorption studies implied that TGLB can be utilized efficiently for three consecutive cycles. An exploration of the maximum adsorption capacities of different biomaterials from profound literature demonstrated that <i>Tectona grandis</i> leaves biosorbent (TGLB) is a viable, low-cost, environmentally and economically friendly biosorbent for use in the removal of heavy metals from contaminated water.</p>

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A potential and sustainable biosorbent derived from leaves of Tectona grandis for the efficient removal of cadmium (II) from wastewater

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Ankita Negi,
  • Pankaj Rana,
  • Lalit Kumar Yadav,
  • Sushil Kumar Joshi

摘要

Heavy metal contaminants are carcinogenic, poisonous, and persistent towards the environment and human life. In this view, for the eradication of harmful heavy metals from polluted water, there is a need to develop a novel and environmentally benign biosorbent with high efficiency and low cost compared to native biomaterial. In the present study, Tectona grandis (teak) leaves are utilized to synthesize an effective biosorbent (TGLB) and explored it for the adsorptive removal of cadmium (II) from wastewater. The structural and morphological characteristics of the biosorbent were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), point of zero charge (pHPZC), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) textural analysis. In the batch investigations, variables such as pH, time, dose of biosorbent, temperature, and concentration of metal ions were altered. 93.2% maximal elimination at ideal pH 5 was achieved for a 5 g biosorbent dose, a working solution of 10 mg/L purity after a 45 min contact duration. In order to validate the research, the experimental findings were undergone to One-way ANOVA and t-test; also RMSE and χred2 values were evaluated. The Freundlich sorption isotherm model (R2 = 0.9069) was the best match for experimental outcomes, so was the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.9686). The desorption studies implied that TGLB can be utilized efficiently for three consecutive cycles. An exploration of the maximum adsorption capacities of different biomaterials from profound literature demonstrated that Tectona grandis leaves biosorbent (TGLB) is a viable, low-cost, environmentally and economically friendly biosorbent for use in the removal of heavy metals from contaminated water.