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<p>India has witnessed a rapid escalation in invasive insect pest incursions over the past decade, driven by global trade, climate suitability, and the movement of infested planting material. Major invaders such as <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (fall armyworm), <i>Phthorimaea absoluta</i> (tomato leaf miner), <i>Aleurodicus rugioperculatus</i> (rugose spiralling whitefly), <i>Phenacoccus manihoti</i> (cassava mealybug), <i>Leucoptera malifoliella</i> (apple leaf blotch miner), <i>Fistulococcus pokfulamensis</i> (mango soft scale), and <i>Aethina tumida</i> (small hive beetle) have caused significant disruptions across horticultural, field crop, and apicultural systems. Their success is largely attributed to high polyphagy, rapid reproduction, strong dispersal ability, and ecological plasticity, which enable swift establishment and spread across diverse Indian agroecosystems. The present review provides a comprehensive synthesis of invasion pathways, species origins, diagnostic advances, host range dynamics, and the economic consequences associated with these pests. Particular emphasis is placed on the integration of modern diagnostic technologies such as LAMP assays, qPCR, COI-based DNA barcoding, and portable nanopore sequencing alongside classical morphological approaches essential for regulatory confirmation. The economic burden of these invasions extends beyond yield and quality loss to increased pesticide expenditure, pollination disruption, and destabilization of value chains. Sustainable management requires a shift from reactive suppression to proactive preparedness. Evidence from recent invasions demonstrates the effectiveness of biologically intensive IPM strategies, including parasitoid deployment, cultural management, and resistance-aware chemical rotations. Simultaneously, India’s biosecurity system must strengthen risk-based surveillance, plant quarantine enforcement, nursery certification, and inter-agency coordination. This review also highlights future directions, including genomic bio surveillance, digital early-warning systems (FAMEWS, Plantwise Plus), and regional cooperation under IPPC and SAARC frameworks.</p>

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Silent invaders crossing borders: unfolding the biosecurity, ecological, and management frontiers of emerging insect pests in India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • Kavin Palanivelu,
  • Nandha Saminathan,
  • Duvaraga Devi Muthusamy,
  • Annamalai Arunachalam,
  • Prakash Kolanchi

摘要

India has witnessed a rapid escalation in invasive insect pest incursions over the past decade, driven by global trade, climate suitability, and the movement of infested planting material. Major invaders such as Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm), Phthorimaea absoluta (tomato leaf miner), Aleurodicus rugioperculatus (rugose spiralling whitefly), Phenacoccus manihoti (cassava mealybug), Leucoptera malifoliella (apple leaf blotch miner), Fistulococcus pokfulamensis (mango soft scale), and Aethina tumida (small hive beetle) have caused significant disruptions across horticultural, field crop, and apicultural systems. Their success is largely attributed to high polyphagy, rapid reproduction, strong dispersal ability, and ecological plasticity, which enable swift establishment and spread across diverse Indian agroecosystems. The present review provides a comprehensive synthesis of invasion pathways, species origins, diagnostic advances, host range dynamics, and the economic consequences associated with these pests. Particular emphasis is placed on the integration of modern diagnostic technologies such as LAMP assays, qPCR, COI-based DNA barcoding, and portable nanopore sequencing alongside classical morphological approaches essential for regulatory confirmation. The economic burden of these invasions extends beyond yield and quality loss to increased pesticide expenditure, pollination disruption, and destabilization of value chains. Sustainable management requires a shift from reactive suppression to proactive preparedness. Evidence from recent invasions demonstrates the effectiveness of biologically intensive IPM strategies, including parasitoid deployment, cultural management, and resistance-aware chemical rotations. Simultaneously, India’s biosecurity system must strengthen risk-based surveillance, plant quarantine enforcement, nursery certification, and inter-agency coordination. This review also highlights future directions, including genomic bio surveillance, digital early-warning systems (FAMEWS, Plantwise Plus), and regional cooperation under IPPC and SAARC frameworks.