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<p>Stimuli-responsive polymers experience significant alterations in their shape, mechanical properties, phase separation, surface, permeability, optical properties, and electrical properties when subjected to even slight alterations in environmental factors like temperature, electric field, pH, light, solvent, ions, enzymes, and glucose. Smart, switchable solutions are required because conventional dry adhesives lack reversibility, fatigue resistance, and dependable adhesion on rough or wet surfaces. In order to establish strong, controllable bonding, this review assesses dry adhesives based on shape memory polymers (SMP) that take use of rubbery-glassy modulus transitions. Adhesion strengths have been reported to reach 7.16&#xa0;MPa (PICBD), 4.71&#xa0;MPa (polyimine), 3.42&#xa0;MPa (ESO/GL vitrimer), and 612.5&#xa0;kPa underwater, with quick switching close to T<sub>g</sub> (e.g., 589&#xa0;kPa with a six-fold decline above T<sub>g</sub>). Numerous methods exhibit durability up to 500 cycles and &gt; 90–100% shape recovery. With a focus on structure-property correlations and potential uses in robotics, biomedicine, and flexible electronics, the scope includes self-healing, conductive, hydrogel, vitrimer, and microstructured SMP adhesives.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Shape memory polymers: a new avenue to dry adhesives

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月3日

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  • M. Ragin Ramdas,
  • K. S. Santhosh Kumar

摘要

Stimuli-responsive polymers experience significant alterations in their shape, mechanical properties, phase separation, surface, permeability, optical properties, and electrical properties when subjected to even slight alterations in environmental factors like temperature, electric field, pH, light, solvent, ions, enzymes, and glucose. Smart, switchable solutions are required because conventional dry adhesives lack reversibility, fatigue resistance, and dependable adhesion on rough or wet surfaces. In order to establish strong, controllable bonding, this review assesses dry adhesives based on shape memory polymers (SMP) that take use of rubbery-glassy modulus transitions. Adhesion strengths have been reported to reach 7.16 MPa (PICBD), 4.71 MPa (polyimine), 3.42 MPa (ESO/GL vitrimer), and 612.5 kPa underwater, with quick switching close to Tg (e.g., 589 kPa with a six-fold decline above Tg). Numerous methods exhibit durability up to 500 cycles and > 90–100% shape recovery. With a focus on structure-property correlations and potential uses in robotics, biomedicine, and flexible electronics, the scope includes self-healing, conductive, hydrogel, vitrimer, and microstructured SMP adhesives.

Graphical abstract