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<p>Sal (<i>Shorea robusta</i> Gaertn. f) forests represent one of the largest tropical deciduous forest ecosystems in India and play a vital role in carbon sequestration, biodiversity maintenance, and the provision of ecosystem services. This study assessed the influence of stand attributes and species composition on biomass and carbon stocks across six Sal forest stands in central India. A stratified random sampling approach was used to quantify species composition, tree density, basal area, and structural diversity, while aboveground and belowground biomass were estimated using species-specific and generalized allometric models. Carbon stock, CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration, and oxygen release potentials were subsequently derived using IPCC-recommended conversion factors. Results revealed considerable variation in stand structure and ecosystem functioning. Tree density ranged from 659 to 1331 individuals ha<sup>−1</sup>, while basal area varied between 33.65 and 70.42 m<sup>2</sup>&#xa0;ha<sup>−1</sup>. <i>S. robusta</i> emerged as the hyperdominant species, contributing between 61.39 and 292.05&#xa0;Mg&#xa0;ha<sup>−1</sup> of total biomass, equivalent to 28.85–137.26&#xa0;Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup>. This translated into a CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration potential of 105.60–503.35&#xa0;Mg CO<sub>2</sub> ha<sup>−1</sup> and oxygen release ranging from 76.87 to 365.70&#xa0;Mg&#xa0;ha<sup>−1</sup>. Although <i>S. robusta</i> accounted for the majority of carbon storage, stands with greater structural diversity and more balanced diameter class distribution exhibited stronger positive correlations with ecosystem carbon pools. These findings highlight the trade-off between hyperdominance driven carbon storage and diversity-driven ecosystem resilience. The study underscores the ecological significance of Sal forests as both carbon sinks and biodiversity reservoirs, while also emphasizing the necessity of integrative management strategies. Protecting carbon-rich monospecific stands alongside promoting structurally diverse forests can optimize both carbon sequestration and long-term ecological stability. Such insights are particularly relevant for climate change mitigation, REDD + programs, and regional forest management policies in central India.</p>

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Influence of stand attributes and species composition on biomass, carbon sequestration, and ecosystem services in Sal (Shorea robusta) forests of central India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Manjula Verma,
  • Bhagwanta Singh Baghel,
  • Chintamani Tandiya,
  • Rajendra Kumar Joshi,
  • Shivaji Chaudhry

摘要

Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. f) forests represent one of the largest tropical deciduous forest ecosystems in India and play a vital role in carbon sequestration, biodiversity maintenance, and the provision of ecosystem services. This study assessed the influence of stand attributes and species composition on biomass and carbon stocks across six Sal forest stands in central India. A stratified random sampling approach was used to quantify species composition, tree density, basal area, and structural diversity, while aboveground and belowground biomass were estimated using species-specific and generalized allometric models. Carbon stock, CO2 sequestration, and oxygen release potentials were subsequently derived using IPCC-recommended conversion factors. Results revealed considerable variation in stand structure and ecosystem functioning. Tree density ranged from 659 to 1331 individuals ha−1, while basal area varied between 33.65 and 70.42 m2 ha−1. S. robusta emerged as the hyperdominant species, contributing between 61.39 and 292.05 Mg ha−1 of total biomass, equivalent to 28.85–137.26 Mg C ha−1. This translated into a CO2 sequestration potential of 105.60–503.35 Mg CO2 ha−1 and oxygen release ranging from 76.87 to 365.70 Mg ha−1. Although S. robusta accounted for the majority of carbon storage, stands with greater structural diversity and more balanced diameter class distribution exhibited stronger positive correlations with ecosystem carbon pools. These findings highlight the trade-off between hyperdominance driven carbon storage and diversity-driven ecosystem resilience. The study underscores the ecological significance of Sal forests as both carbon sinks and biodiversity reservoirs, while also emphasizing the necessity of integrative management strategies. Protecting carbon-rich monospecific stands alongside promoting structurally diverse forests can optimize both carbon sequestration and long-term ecological stability. Such insights are particularly relevant for climate change mitigation, REDD + programs, and regional forest management policies in central India.