Background <p>Archery is a sport involving the use of a bow and arrow, requiring a distinctive combination of physical attributes and technical skills that can be challenging to evaluate accurately.</p> Objectives <p>To find the correlation of fitness parameters and arrow speed with the accuracy score.</p> Methods <p>A total of 40 archery athletes, aged between 15 and 30&#xa0;years, with over one year of game experience, were included in this study. Assessments were conducted before regular training sessions, measuring accuracy score, arrow speed, handgrip strength, resting blood pressure and heart rate, shoulder stability (Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test, UQYBT), and dynamic balance (Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test, LQYBT). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 26. The Shapiro–Wilk test was applied to assess data normality, while Pearson and Spearman’s correlation coefficients were used to examine relationships between the variables.</p> Results <p>A significant positive correlation was found between the accuracy score and arrow handgrip strength (r = 0.336, <i>p</i> = 0.034), as well as with LQYBT scores for both the right (r = 0.397, <i>p</i> = 0.011) and left (r = 0.377, <i>p</i> = 0.017) sides. Furthermore, no significant correlation was identified between the accuracy score and other measured parameters.</p> Conclusion <p>In conclusion, handgrip strength, particularly in the arrow hand, and lower limb dynamic balance are significant contributors to archery accuracy. Conversely, arrow speed and other parameters did not show a direct impact on performance.</p> Clinical trial registry of India <p>Reg No: CTRI/2023/10/058485, Reg. date 10/10/2023.</p>