<p>The eco-environment of the Bengal sub-Himalaya region is an ecologically sensitive region, contributing to fragile environments, which has motivated the present study to assess the Ecological Environment Fragility (EEF) of the Bengal sub-Himalaya region. The study applied an advanced MCDM technique, specifically the Fuzzy AHP, incorporating 14 conditioning parameters that considered the topography, climate, vegetation, land use, soil, and anthropogenic conditions of the study area. Further, the global Moran’s I index has been estimated to identify spatial autocorrelation, while cluster analysis of hot and cold spots is used to map clustering patterns of EEF. The results indicate that 15.05% of the study area exhibits very low EEF, while low EEF accounts for 23.32%, moderate EEF for 25.42%, high EEF for 26.69%, and very high EEF for 9.52%. Higher EEF is mainly concentrated in the southern part of the study area, characterised by lower elevation, flat terrain, low vegetation cover, and high anthropogenic disturbances. Further, it has been observed that the degree of fragility increases with the decrease in elevation. Global Moran’s I index provides evidence of strong spatial clustering of EEF across the study area, which also appears to be statistically significant. EEF is found to have spatial dependency rather than being randomly distributed over the study area, which is supposed to be influenced by underlying environmental and socio-economic factors. The fragility conditions of the study landscapes have crucial implications for SDGs related to the environment, and human concerns (SDG 1, SDG 2, SDG 3, SDG 6, SDG 8, and SDG 15) in multifarious ways. The study, therefore, advocates various mitigating and management strategies fostering resilience of the fragile landscape.</p>