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<p>This study investigates the structural and radiation shielding performance of undoped and terbium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized via the sol–gel technique. Structural characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite phase of ZnO, with no secondary phases detected, indicating successful incorporation of Tb<sup>3+</sup> ions into the lattice. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed characteristic Zn–O stretching vibrations alongside subtle modifications associated with Tb<sup>3+</sup> incorporation. Further, the incorporation of Tb<sup>3+</sup> ions into the ZnO matrix leads to a significant enhancement in key photon interaction parameters such as mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), mean free path (MFP), and effective atomic number (Z<sub>eff</sub>) obtained using Phy-x/PSD software. The Tb<sup>3+</sup> doping results in higher atomic number contribution and increased material density, which jointly contribute to superior photon attenuation capabilities. Notably, the ZnO-Tb sample shows excellent shielding effectiveness in the diagnostic energy range (~ 0.06–0.1&#xa0;MeV) and at 0.662&#xa0;MeV, making it a viable lightweight alternative to conventional shielding materials. A sharp increase in Z<sub>eff</sub> near 0.06&#xa0;MeV further confirms the strong photoelectric interaction introduced by terbium’s inner-shell electrons. The findings suggest that ZnO-Tb nanomaterials present a lead-free, eco-friendly option for radiation shielding in medical, industrial, and nuclear applications.</p>

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Impact of terbium doping on the structure and Gamma-Ray Attenuation behavior of ZnO nanoparticles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Shivani Singla,
  • Naveen Kumar,
  • Manjunath H. R.,
  • Satya Sundar Gajendra Mohapatra,
  • Helen Merina Albert,
  • Gurinder Singh,
  • Nupur Aggarwal,
  • Jatinder Kaur

摘要

This study investigates the structural and radiation shielding performance of undoped and terbium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized via the sol–gel technique. Structural characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite phase of ZnO, with no secondary phases detected, indicating successful incorporation of Tb3+ ions into the lattice. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed characteristic Zn–O stretching vibrations alongside subtle modifications associated with Tb3+ incorporation. Further, the incorporation of Tb3+ ions into the ZnO matrix leads to a significant enhancement in key photon interaction parameters such as mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), mean free path (MFP), and effective atomic number (Zeff) obtained using Phy-x/PSD software. The Tb3+ doping results in higher atomic number contribution and increased material density, which jointly contribute to superior photon attenuation capabilities. Notably, the ZnO-Tb sample shows excellent shielding effectiveness in the diagnostic energy range (~ 0.06–0.1 MeV) and at 0.662 MeV, making it a viable lightweight alternative to conventional shielding materials. A sharp increase in Zeff near 0.06 MeV further confirms the strong photoelectric interaction introduced by terbium’s inner-shell electrons. The findings suggest that ZnO-Tb nanomaterials present a lead-free, eco-friendly option for radiation shielding in medical, industrial, and nuclear applications.