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<p>Current study investigated the ecological responses and spatial distribution of zooplankton communities Copepoda, Cladocera, and Rotifera in relation to hydrobiological parameters across freshwater ecosystems in East Medinipur district of West Bengal, India. During survey, samples were collected from pond, canal and waterlogged ecosystems throughout the year. We used different indices based on zooplankton and water parameters to evaluate the aquatic health status. Comprehensive study revealed 72 species of zooplankton, with copepods being dominant (51.39%). Spatial patterns indicated clumped distribution for Cladocerans and regular patterns for Rotifers and Copepods in ponds. Polynomial regression revealed significant correlations between zooplankton and water parameters including temperature (temp), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), nitrate (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), sulphate (<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\text{SO}}_{4}^{2 - }\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), chloride (Cl<sup>−</sup>), dissolved oxygen (DO), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Canonical Correspondence Analysis further confirmed site-specific environmental gradients influencing zooplankton assemblages, with Axis 1 explaining the majority of variation. Elevated TDS, EC, and nutrient levels were found to negatively impact zooplankton diversity, while Cl<sup>−</sup> and DO show positive effects. Water Quality Index analysis categorized 47.92% of sampling sites as unsuitable for drinking but fit for irrigation and industrial use, with Tamluk and Haldia showing significant water quality deterioration, due to industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and anthropogenic activity. Pearson’s correlation revealed significant negative relationships between zooplankton and water parameters like pH, TDS, EC, and BOD. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis effectively grouped sampling sites based on ecological similarity more than 85% in each site. The findings underscore zooplankton as effective bioindicators for ecological monitoring and emphasizes the pressing necessity for coordinated management approaches to preserve aquatic biodiversity, maintain ecological balance and protect aquatic health.</p>

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Assessing water parameters and spatial patterns of zooplankton distribution in relation to the water quality index: indicators of aquatic health and ecosystem safety

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月28日

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  • Sk Saruk Islam,
  • Sumana Mahato,
  • Sujoy Midya

摘要

Current study investigated the ecological responses and spatial distribution of zooplankton communities Copepoda, Cladocera, and Rotifera in relation to hydrobiological parameters across freshwater ecosystems in East Medinipur district of West Bengal, India. During survey, samples were collected from pond, canal and waterlogged ecosystems throughout the year. We used different indices based on zooplankton and water parameters to evaluate the aquatic health status. Comprehensive study revealed 72 species of zooplankton, with copepods being dominant (51.39%). Spatial patterns indicated clumped distribution for Cladocerans and regular patterns for Rotifers and Copepods in ponds. Polynomial regression revealed significant correlations between zooplankton and water parameters including temperature (temp), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), nitrate ( \({\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }\) ), sulphate ( \({\text{SO}}_{4}^{2 - }\) ), chloride (Cl−), dissolved oxygen (DO), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Canonical Correspondence Analysis further confirmed site-specific environmental gradients influencing zooplankton assemblages, with Axis 1 explaining the majority of variation. Elevated TDS, EC, and nutrient levels were found to negatively impact zooplankton diversity, while Cl− and DO show positive effects. Water Quality Index analysis categorized 47.92% of sampling sites as unsuitable for drinking but fit for irrigation and industrial use, with Tamluk and Haldia showing significant water quality deterioration, due to industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and anthropogenic activity. Pearson’s correlation revealed significant negative relationships between zooplankton and water parameters like pH, TDS, EC, and BOD. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis effectively grouped sampling sites based on ecological similarity more than 85% in each site. The findings underscore zooplankton as effective bioindicators for ecological monitoring and emphasizes the pressing necessity for coordinated management approaches to preserve aquatic biodiversity, maintain ecological balance and protect aquatic health.