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<p>The Sundarbans, located in the southernmost part of the expansive delta formed by the confluence of the Ganges–Brahmaputra River systems, is an astounding geographical and ecological region transcending the borders between India and Bangladesh. This UNESCO World Heritage Site has the largest mangrove forest in the world. Thus, it has been the focus of intense scientific scrutiny and conservation in recent years. One of the major threats seen against these efforts is the changing nature of coastal flooding in the region. However, it has also been observed that while this knowledge gap is acknowledged, there is a lack of comprehensive research to highlight the spatial and temporal changes in the flood hazard potential. In this context, the work presented here embarks on a journey to unveil the changes associated with the flood hazard that have been shaping the physiography of the coastal environment, with a focus on the Sundarbans region in West Bengal, India. The study endeavors to investigate this evolving landscape spanning the period from 2014 to 2022. It involves the adept utilization of remote sensing-based spectral indices such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), Normalized Difference Salinity Index (NDSI), Enhanced Water Index (EWI), and Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI). These spectral indices were instrumental in developing a customized Flood Hazard Index using AHP, which helped in zoning flood-prone coastal areas and inferred the role of subtle shifts in vegetation health, including mangrove forest, soil distribution, and waterlogged areas during the course of the study. Furthermore, it also highlighted the region's susceptibility to tropical cyclones in this timeframe. Based on these observations and inferences, it could be proposed that careful examination and interpretation through spectral analysis have given relevant input that could be useful in protecting and sustaining the priceless heritage of the Sundarbans for future generations.</p>

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Identification of flood hazard-prone coastal zones using remote sensing tools: a study from the Sundarbans Deltaic Region of West Bengal, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月26日

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  • Saikat Majumder,
  • Srijan Mukherjee,
  • Aditya Sarkar,
  • Sneha Das

摘要

The Sundarbans, located in the southernmost part of the expansive delta formed by the confluence of the Ganges–Brahmaputra River systems, is an astounding geographical and ecological region transcending the borders between India and Bangladesh. This UNESCO World Heritage Site has the largest mangrove forest in the world. Thus, it has been the focus of intense scientific scrutiny and conservation in recent years. One of the major threats seen against these efforts is the changing nature of coastal flooding in the region. However, it has also been observed that while this knowledge gap is acknowledged, there is a lack of comprehensive research to highlight the spatial and temporal changes in the flood hazard potential. In this context, the work presented here embarks on a journey to unveil the changes associated with the flood hazard that have been shaping the physiography of the coastal environment, with a focus on the Sundarbans region in West Bengal, India. The study endeavors to investigate this evolving landscape spanning the period from 2014 to 2022. It involves the adept utilization of remote sensing-based spectral indices such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), Normalized Difference Salinity Index (NDSI), Enhanced Water Index (EWI), and Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI). These spectral indices were instrumental in developing a customized Flood Hazard Index using AHP, which helped in zoning flood-prone coastal areas and inferred the role of subtle shifts in vegetation health, including mangrove forest, soil distribution, and waterlogged areas during the course of the study. Furthermore, it also highlighted the region's susceptibility to tropical cyclones in this timeframe. Based on these observations and inferences, it could be proposed that careful examination and interpretation through spectral analysis have given relevant input that could be useful in protecting and sustaining the priceless heritage of the Sundarbans for future generations.