<p>The escalation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has contributed to global warming, leading to climate change and raising a serious environmental concern worldwide. An effective method to reducing GHGs is through the process of Carbon (C) sequestration by green plants, and the role of forests in C sequestration is considered most crucial. Assessments of biomass and carbon stocks (CS) in the tropical and sub-tropical forests of North Eastern Region (NER) of India are not thoroughly examined. This paper represents a thorough documentation of biomass and CS estimation by different approaches, viz., destructive and non-destructive methods, in the tropical and sub-tropical forests type of NER of India. The data gathered can serve as the baseline information about the potential of C storage in the tropical and sub-tropical forests of NER of India in particular and forests in general, to ensure proper forest management and to combat climate change.</p>