Introduction <p>Genetic changes including metabolic reprogramming and adaptive responses is part of a regular environmental and evolutionary process. The resultant may be a change in phenotype and functionality of that micro-organism demanding the essential requirement of taxonomical research.</p> Aim <p>This systematic review researches upon the use of advanced technology for providing a better resolution in characterization and a more refined microbial classification.</p> Methods <p>The work here has examined upon article publications (published between 2015 and 2025) highlighting the different techniques used in taxonomic identification of microorganisms. Published reports has been accessed from Pubmed, and EBSCO with relevant key words.</p> Results <p>Upon screening articles in microbial taxonomy and techniques in microbial taxonomy, only thirty-nine articles have been included in the study. Advanced technologies have provided better resolution of characterization and a more refined classification of micro-organisms. Exemplarily, advanced sequencing technologies has allowed the taxonomy to use genomic data in silico to compare microorganisms, helping to allocate them in their respective taxa. Metagenomics has helped to answer functional microbiology in a direct gene to ecosystem route. Artificial intelligence (AI) has facilitated the automation of microbial colony counts. Machine learning (ML) answers the disadvantages of high-throughput sequencing technology (HST), and HST addresses the failure of culture methods.</p> Conclusion <p>This will help to work with the highly diverse array of micro-organisms and unearth their importance in basic research, medicine, agriculture, and industry. Novelty of taxonomy research lies with essential requirement of not only to identify the microbe to work with, but also, in bioprospecting.</p>