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<p>The field of very high energy (VHE: E &gt;20 GeV) gamma-ray or GeV–TeV astronomy has experienced exciting and rapid progress over the last fifty years with the advent and development of ground-based Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) in different corners of the world. Mono- or stereoscopic IACTs are capable of detecting the VHE gamma-rays of astrophysical origin in the energy range from 20 GeV to 100 TeV and above with an excellent flux sensitivity depending on their geographical locations at high altitudes, the size of the reflectors, and the type of photo-detectors used in the imaging camera at their focal planes. MACE (Major Atmospheric Cherenkov Experiment) is a single state-of-the-art large-sized modern IACT operational at an altitude of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sim \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>4.3 km in the Himalayan desert at Hanle in the UT of Ladakh. Equipped with a large light collector of 21-meter diameter and 25-meter focal length, it is the largest IACT in Asia and the third largest in the world at present. MACE strongly underlines the spirit of Atma-Nirbhar Bharat, as most of its components and subsystems have been indigenously designed and developed. Operational since 2001, MACE has emerged as a flagship national facility for carrying out frontline research in the field of high-energy gamma-ray astrophysics and cosmology in India. Here, the importance of the MACE telescope for ground-based VHE gamma-ray astronomy in the country at present as well as a future outlook are reported.</p>

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MACE: A unique national facility for astrophysics research at very high energy and future prospects

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月14日

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  • K. K. Singh

摘要

The field of very high energy (VHE: E >20 GeV) gamma-ray or GeV–TeV astronomy has experienced exciting and rapid progress over the last fifty years with the advent and development of ground-based Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) in different corners of the world. Mono- or stereoscopic IACTs are capable of detecting the VHE gamma-rays of astrophysical origin in the energy range from 20 GeV to 100 TeV and above with an excellent flux sensitivity depending on their geographical locations at high altitudes, the size of the reflectors, and the type of photo-detectors used in the imaging camera at their focal planes. MACE (Major Atmospheric Cherenkov Experiment) is a single state-of-the-art large-sized modern IACT operational at an altitude of \(\sim \) 4.3 km in the Himalayan desert at Hanle in the UT of Ladakh. Equipped with a large light collector of 21-meter diameter and 25-meter focal length, it is the largest IACT in Asia and the third largest in the world at present. MACE strongly underlines the spirit of Atma-Nirbhar Bharat, as most of its components and subsystems have been indigenously designed and developed. Operational since 2001, MACE has emerged as a flagship national facility for carrying out frontline research in the field of high-energy gamma-ray astrophysics and cosmology in India. Here, the importance of the MACE telescope for ground-based VHE gamma-ray astronomy in the country at present as well as a future outlook are reported.