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<p>Brazil leads global coffee production, however mountainous terrain and dense foliage difficult the management. Spray drones offer innovative solutions under these conditions. This study evaluated flight height and nozzle type effects on droplet deposition in lower, middle and upper layers of <i>Coffea arabica</i>. The experiment used a DJI Agras T10 on 3.5-year-old coffee plants in Lavras, Brazil. A factorial design tested three flight heights (2, 3, 4&#xa0;m) and three nozzles, conical (08001), flat-fan orange (110,015) and flat-fan green (110,015), in a randomized block design. Droplet density, volumetric median diameter (VMD), Dv0.1, Dv0.9, numerical median diameter (NMD) and mean droplet diameter were measured using water-sensitive paper placed in each plant layer. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey’s test (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) compared means. No significant interaction was observed between flight height and nozzle type. However, the cone nozzle consistently yielded the highest droplet density and smallest droplets, while the flat-fan green nozzle produced the largest droplets. Lower flight heights reduced deposition on upper plant layers, likely due to droplet coagulation. Overall, the conical nozzle at 3&#xa0;m flight height provided optimal coverage for 3.5-year-old coffee plants. This approach addresses the need for flight parameter optimization in mountainous regions, enhancing spray efficiency and crop management.</p>

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Combining flight height and nozzles to enhancing flight parameters to maximize Arabica coffee spraying efficiency with drones

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月17日

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  • Thiago Orlando Costa Barboza,
  • Jéssica Elaine Silva,
  • Wender Henrique Batista da Silva,
  • Marcelo Araújo Junqueira Ferraz,
  • Octávio Pereira da Costa,
  • Gustavo Lacerda da Silveira,
  • Adão Felipe dos Santos

摘要

Brazil leads global coffee production, however mountainous terrain and dense foliage difficult the management. Spray drones offer innovative solutions under these conditions. This study evaluated flight height and nozzle type effects on droplet deposition in lower, middle and upper layers of Coffea arabica. The experiment used a DJI Agras T10 on 3.5-year-old coffee plants in Lavras, Brazil. A factorial design tested three flight heights (2, 3, 4 m) and three nozzles, conical (08001), flat-fan orange (110,015) and flat-fan green (110,015), in a randomized block design. Droplet density, volumetric median diameter (VMD), Dv0.1, Dv0.9, numerical median diameter (NMD) and mean droplet diameter were measured using water-sensitive paper placed in each plant layer. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05) compared means. No significant interaction was observed between flight height and nozzle type. However, the cone nozzle consistently yielded the highest droplet density and smallest droplets, while the flat-fan green nozzle produced the largest droplets. Lower flight heights reduced deposition on upper plant layers, likely due to droplet coagulation. Overall, the conical nozzle at 3 m flight height provided optimal coverage for 3.5-year-old coffee plants. This approach addresses the need for flight parameter optimization in mountainous regions, enhancing spray efficiency and crop management.