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<p>Agriculture has historically been the primary sector in Kerala’s economy. Despite the growth of other sectors, a significant portion of the population is still dependent on agriculture. The state’s agriculture is diverse, with a focus on crops like rice, coconut, vegetables, rubber, and spices, among others. Kerala’s agriculture is highly vulnerable to climate variability, including unexpected flood, and drought. Droughts, in particular, can have devastating effects on crops, leading to reduced yields and economic losses. The state has also been experiencing a rise in extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and flooding, which can damage crops and infrastructure. Climate change poses a significant threat to agriculture not only in Kerala but globally. Rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events are some of the direct impacts of climate change. With a large portion of the population dependent on agriculture, the impact of climate change on farming can have severe repercussions for food security. To address these challenges, Kerala, like many other regions, needs to adopt strategies for both adaptation and mitigation. One way to enhance agricultural production is through the increased use of plant growth promoting bacteria. In this regard 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase&#xa0;producing rhizobacteria gets importance. These bacteria not only promote plant growth but also can protect plant from drought, flood, salt, metals and bacterial as well as fungal pathogens. Mechanisms possessed by ACC deaminase producing rhizobacteria can degrade ACC to ammonia and α-ketobutyrate, thus reducing the level of ethylene in plants. Ethylene has a beneficial effect on plant health, if there is increase in ethylene production during stresses it has negative effects, which leads to senescence. While few studies have explored the isolation and characterization of ACC deaminase-producing bacteria in saline and drought-prone areas of Kerala, this research aimed to fill that gap. Specifically, the study focused on characterizing efficient ACC deaminase bacteria from various plants growing in these challenging conditions. Rhizobacterial strains were isolated from soil samples in drought and saline regions, and their ACC deaminase activity was screened in vitro using DF salt minimal media supplemented with 3&#xa0;mM ACC. Out of 54 isolates, seven strains were capable of degrading ACC into α-ketobutyrate, demonstrating ACC deaminase activity by producing more than 500&#xa0;nmol of α-ketobutyrate per mg of protein per hour. Among these, two strains with the highest enzymatic activity were further identified and tested for their tolerance to drought and salinity stress in in vitro experiments.</p>

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Isolation and characterization of plant growth-promoting bacteria exhibiting ACC deaminase production in soil samples

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月12日

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  • Catherine Jose,
  • S. Subramaniyan,
  • G. S. Sandhia

摘要

Agriculture has historically been the primary sector in Kerala’s economy. Despite the growth of other sectors, a significant portion of the population is still dependent on agriculture. The state’s agriculture is diverse, with a focus on crops like rice, coconut, vegetables, rubber, and spices, among others. Kerala’s agriculture is highly vulnerable to climate variability, including unexpected flood, and drought. Droughts, in particular, can have devastating effects on crops, leading to reduced yields and economic losses. The state has also been experiencing a rise in extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and flooding, which can damage crops and infrastructure. Climate change poses a significant threat to agriculture not only in Kerala but globally. Rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events are some of the direct impacts of climate change. With a large portion of the population dependent on agriculture, the impact of climate change on farming can have severe repercussions for food security. To address these challenges, Kerala, like many other regions, needs to adopt strategies for both adaptation and mitigation. One way to enhance agricultural production is through the increased use of plant growth promoting bacteria. In this regard 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase producing rhizobacteria gets importance. These bacteria not only promote plant growth but also can protect plant from drought, flood, salt, metals and bacterial as well as fungal pathogens. Mechanisms possessed by ACC deaminase producing rhizobacteria can degrade ACC to ammonia and α-ketobutyrate, thus reducing the level of ethylene in plants. Ethylene has a beneficial effect on plant health, if there is increase in ethylene production during stresses it has negative effects, which leads to senescence. While few studies have explored the isolation and characterization of ACC deaminase-producing bacteria in saline and drought-prone areas of Kerala, this research aimed to fill that gap. Specifically, the study focused on characterizing efficient ACC deaminase bacteria from various plants growing in these challenging conditions. Rhizobacterial strains were isolated from soil samples in drought and saline regions, and their ACC deaminase activity was screened in vitro using DF salt minimal media supplemented with 3 mM ACC. Out of 54 isolates, seven strains were capable of degrading ACC into α-ketobutyrate, demonstrating ACC deaminase activity by producing more than 500 nmol of α-ketobutyrate per mg of protein per hour. Among these, two strains with the highest enzymatic activity were further identified and tested for their tolerance to drought and salinity stress in in vitro experiments.