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<p><i>Ficus drupacea</i>, a member of the Moraceae family, has long been recognized for its traditional medicinal applications. This study evaluates the phytochemical composition, vitamin content and biological activities (antioxidant, anti-arthritic, antacid and photoprotective) of <i>Ficus drupacea</i> leaves extracts obtained using four green solvents: dimethyl carbonate, isopropyl alcohol, hydroalcohol (60:40 ethanol:water) and water. Among them, the hydroalcoholic extract demonstrated the highest extraction yield and superior biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-arthritic, antacid and photoprotective effects. The hydroalcoholic extract showed strong free radical scavenging activity (DPPH IC<sub>50</sub> = 428.10 ± 0.24&#xa0;µg/mL; ABTS IC<sub>50</sub> = 424.90 ± 0.05&#xa0;µg/mL), good inhibition of protein denaturation (IC<sub>50</sub> = 582.06 ± 0.39&#xa0;µg/mL) and significant acid-neutralizing capacity. It also exhibited an SPF value comparable to benzophenone, indicating promising photoprotective potential. GC–MS analysis of this extract identified 13 bioactive compounds including Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester (E)- and others, recognized for their broad therapeutic applications. These compounds contribute to the extract’s pharmacological efficacy and support its potential as a natural alternative for managing oxidative stress, inflammation, and gastric acidity while providing UV protection. The findings underscore the significant medicinal value of <i>Ficus drupacea</i> leaves and suggest its potential as a natural, multi-functional therapeutic agent for herbal drug development.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Biochemical analysis, pharmacological evaluation and GC–MS profiling of green solvent extracts from Ficus drupacea leaves

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月4日

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  • Palak Kansal,
  • Abha Shukla,
  • Rishi Kumar Shukla

摘要

Ficus drupacea, a member of the Moraceae family, has long been recognized for its traditional medicinal applications. This study evaluates the phytochemical composition, vitamin content and biological activities (antioxidant, anti-arthritic, antacid and photoprotective) of Ficus drupacea leaves extracts obtained using four green solvents: dimethyl carbonate, isopropyl alcohol, hydroalcohol (60:40 ethanol:water) and water. Among them, the hydroalcoholic extract demonstrated the highest extraction yield and superior biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-arthritic, antacid and photoprotective effects. The hydroalcoholic extract showed strong free radical scavenging activity (DPPH IC50 = 428.10 ± 0.24 µg/mL; ABTS IC50 = 424.90 ± 0.05 µg/mL), good inhibition of protein denaturation (IC50 = 582.06 ± 0.39 µg/mL) and significant acid-neutralizing capacity. It also exhibited an SPF value comparable to benzophenone, indicating promising photoprotective potential. GC–MS analysis of this extract identified 13 bioactive compounds including Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester (E)- and others, recognized for their broad therapeutic applications. These compounds contribute to the extract’s pharmacological efficacy and support its potential as a natural alternative for managing oxidative stress, inflammation, and gastric acidity while providing UV protection. The findings underscore the significant medicinal value of Ficus drupacea leaves and suggest its potential as a natural, multi-functional therapeutic agent for herbal drug development.

Graphical abstract