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<p>The scattered Eastern Ghats are a major hill range in India, spanning across three states Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, extending from the North-East to the South-West. Lycophytes and ferns are among the primitive groups of vascular plants, typically found in cool, moist, and shady places. This study aims to address the composition, distribution and conservation status of lycophytes and ferns in the Eastern Ghats. We analyzed 113 peer-reviewed publications from 1960 to 2025 concerning the diversity, distribution and conservation of lycophytes and ferns from this region. The review revealed a total of 291 species of lycophytes and ferns belonging to 99 genera and 31 families in the Eastern Ghats. Pteridaceae is the most dominant family, represented by 48 species from 17 genera. Most of the species occur in terrestrial habitat (131 species) and high number of the species is distributed in semi evergreen forest (SEGF) vegetation (51%). Different categories of threatened taxa contributed about 29% (86 species) of the lycophytes and ferns in the Eastern Ghats. This review highlights the shortage of research on lycophytes and ferns in study area and a lack of quantitative data on diversity, ecology and conservation. The present study delivers a framework for future taxonomic revisions, and suitable distribution area of lycophytes and ferns species, emphasizing the importance of conservation strategies for threatened species of lycophytes and ferns in the study area.</p>

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Occurrence and geographical distributions of lycophytes and ferns from Eastern Ghats of India with implications for species conservation: a comprehensive review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月1日

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  • Jeyalatchagan Sureshkumar,
  • Singamoorthy Amalraj,
  • Edward Fredrick Raja,
  • Muniappan Ayyanar

摘要

The scattered Eastern Ghats are a major hill range in India, spanning across three states Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, extending from the North-East to the South-West. Lycophytes and ferns are among the primitive groups of vascular plants, typically found in cool, moist, and shady places. This study aims to address the composition, distribution and conservation status of lycophytes and ferns in the Eastern Ghats. We analyzed 113 peer-reviewed publications from 1960 to 2025 concerning the diversity, distribution and conservation of lycophytes and ferns from this region. The review revealed a total of 291 species of lycophytes and ferns belonging to 99 genera and 31 families in the Eastern Ghats. Pteridaceae is the most dominant family, represented by 48 species from 17 genera. Most of the species occur in terrestrial habitat (131 species) and high number of the species is distributed in semi evergreen forest (SEGF) vegetation (51%). Different categories of threatened taxa contributed about 29% (86 species) of the lycophytes and ferns in the Eastern Ghats. This review highlights the shortage of research on lycophytes and ferns in study area and a lack of quantitative data on diversity, ecology and conservation. The present study delivers a framework for future taxonomic revisions, and suitable distribution area of lycophytes and ferns species, emphasizing the importance of conservation strategies for threatened species of lycophytes and ferns in the study area.