<p>Green infrastructure has an important role in addressing the issues posed by urbanization by offering a diverse array of ecosystem services, such as enhancing environmental quality, safeguarding biodiversity, and mitigating the impact of climate change by absorbing CO₂. It serves as a strategic planning tool to promote social and economic benefits, thereby contributing to sustainable, resilient, inclusive, and competitive urban environments. This study analyses plant diversity, biomass, carbon stock, and CO₂ mitigation potential of urban forestry systems at Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. Four study sites viz., Site 1, Site 2, Site 3 and Site 4, each containing three layers of vegetation, were randomly selected for this investigation. A total of 120 quadrats were systematically placed in each site to analyse species composition, diversity, plant biomass and carbon sequestration potential. Tree density varied between 316.7 and 440 individuals ha⁻¹ and basal area between 11.4 and 13.5 m²&#xa0;ha⁻¹. For the trees, Shannon’ index varied from 2.5 to 3.4, the Simpsons index between 0.1 and 0.2, equitability between 1.1 and 1.2, richness ranged between 1.5 and 2.6, and beta diversity ranged between 16 and 19.59. Tree biomass across the study sites ranged from 75.5 and 186.0&#xa0;Mg&#xa0;ha⁻¹, carbon storage from 35.5 to 87.4&#xa0;Mg&#xa0;ha⁻¹, and CO₂ mitigation from 130.2 to 320.0&#xa0;Mg&#xa0;ha⁻¹. These values exhibited spatial variation, with the highest concentrations in Site 2, and the lowest in Site 1. <i>H. binata</i>, <i>A. nilotica, Eucalyptus</i> spp<i>. F. benghalensis T. arjuna, M. longifolia,</i> and <i>T. bellirica</i> recorded highest CO₂ mitigation potential across sites and can be effectively utilized for green belt development in urban areas as a strategy for combating climate change. This study offers valuable insights as to how urban green infrastructure contributes to the environmental sustainability and human well-being in Naya Raipur.</p>