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<p>Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have revolutionized various fields due to their unique properties. This review explores the prominent CNMs like fullerenes, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, etc., their diverse synthesis methods along with their biomedical applications in sensing, drug delivery, bioimaging, etc. Recently, a ground-breaking discovery lies in the ability of CNMs to act as nanozymes (artificial enzymes) that mimic the function of natural antioxidants and pro-oxidants. This review sheds light on the design strategies for CNM-based nanozymes, focusing on their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). We further investigate the intricate relationship between ROS and cellular processes, highlighting how imbalances in ROS levels contribute to oxidative stress, a major factor in many diseases. The discussion extends to the diverse mechanisms employed by different carbon nanozymes for ROS elimination. Finally, the review explores the potential applications of CNM-based nanozymes while acknowledging the advantages (tunability, stability, and biocompatibility) and challenges associated with them. This review paves the way for further exploration of CNMs’ potential as nanozymes for developing novel and effective therapeutic strategies.</p>

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Carbon nanomaterials as functional biomimetics: unveiling synthesis, and factors affecting their nanozyme potential

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月10日

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  • Ashish K. Shukla,
  • Manik Bathla,
  • Anjali Nisha,
  • Sudesh Kumar Yadav,
  • Amitabha Acharya

摘要

Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have revolutionized various fields due to their unique properties. This review explores the prominent CNMs like fullerenes, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, etc., their diverse synthesis methods along with their biomedical applications in sensing, drug delivery, bioimaging, etc. Recently, a ground-breaking discovery lies in the ability of CNMs to act as nanozymes (artificial enzymes) that mimic the function of natural antioxidants and pro-oxidants. This review sheds light on the design strategies for CNM-based nanozymes, focusing on their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). We further investigate the intricate relationship between ROS and cellular processes, highlighting how imbalances in ROS levels contribute to oxidative stress, a major factor in many diseases. The discussion extends to the diverse mechanisms employed by different carbon nanozymes for ROS elimination. Finally, the review explores the potential applications of CNM-based nanozymes while acknowledging the advantages (tunability, stability, and biocompatibility) and challenges associated with them. This review paves the way for further exploration of CNMs’ potential as nanozymes for developing novel and effective therapeutic strategies.