<p>Wheat (<i>Triticu</i>m <i>aestivum</i> L.) is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. In this paper, we focus on the various factors that affect wheat growth and development as well as yield parameters and go into precise detail about the dynamic relationship of genotypes and sowing timewith residue management in rice–wheat system. On-farm rice residue burning is one of the major threats to environment and sustainability of agricultural systems in Indo-Gangetic plains. Drilling of wheat in rice stubbles is such an excellent illustration of an innovative residue management strategy that holds promise for boosting soil health, wheat yield and environment. In terms of developing to resilient cultivars, genotype variability plays a key role in wheat performance in altered sowing condition, which needs to be acknowledged. The various ways that genotypes affect yield attributes highlight how extremely important it is to determine the suitable varieties for optimal yield. Proper timing of sowing is essential for healthy wheat growth under surface residue retention; postponing sowing can result in significant decreases in plant height and dry matter accumulation. Optimum sowing time enhances yield attributes and differences in sowing dates have a major effect on wheat maturity and productivity. An integrated approach of optimizing interaction of genotypes, sowing times and residue management is required for acquiring long-term sustainability of wheat production system. In order to boost wheat growth and yield under rice residue mulched environment, this comprehensive review emphasised the value of genotype selection, thoughtful sowing timing and innovative residue management. The key findings will help in giving easily achievable recommendations for agronomic practices and further study or research.</p>