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<p>This study investigates the quantity and quality of groundwater in Chennai city, focusing on the hydro-geochemical parameters that determine its suitability for domestic purposes. The primary research question examines whether groundwater in the region meets the standards for potable and domestic use, with the hypothesis suggesting that variations in groundwater quality are influenced by both natural geochemical processes and anthropogenic activities. Groundwater quality was assessed through the analysis of 20 samples, revealing predominantly acidic pH values (below 6) and total dissolved solids (TDS) ranging from 383 to 2350&#xa0;mg/L, with one sample exceeding the permissible limit of 2000&#xa0;mg/L (BIS in Specification for drinking water IS 10500: 2012, New Delhi, India, 2012). Electrical conductivity (EC) values ranged from 764 to 4690 µS/cm, with the eastern region exhibiting the highest levels. The study identified sodium (Na⁺), calcium (Ca<sup>2</sup>⁺), potassium (K⁺), and magnesium (Mg<sup>2</sup>⁺) as the dominant cations, while bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻), chloride (Cl⁻), and sulfate (SO₄<sup>2</sup>⁻) were the major anions, generally within acceptable limits. Elevated EC values correlated with high TDS, indicating salinity issues. Ionic ratios, such as Na⁺/Cl⁻ and Mg<sup>2</sup>⁺/Ca<sup>2</sup>⁺, suggested influences from seawater intrusion to carbonate weathering in certain locations. Approximately 50% of the groundwater samples were classified as potable based on the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), while further analysis using USSL, Wilcox, and Gibb’s plots suggested moderate salt concentrations and predominantly alkaline water types. Although some locations were deemed suitable for domestic purposes, the findings indicate that much of the groundwater in Chennai is unsuitable for drinking due to poor physico-chemical quality. This study underscores the need for regular monitoring and sustainable management of groundwater resources to ensure long-term availability and usability.</p>

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Evaluation of hydrogeochemical studies to assess groundwater quality in the Chennai urban region, Tamil Nadu, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月26日

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  • Ramachandran A,
  • Stephen Pitchaimani V,
  • Nayana M P,
  • Nisha A,
  • Suresh Gandhi M,
  • Richard Abishek S

摘要

This study investigates the quantity and quality of groundwater in Chennai city, focusing on the hydro-geochemical parameters that determine its suitability for domestic purposes. The primary research question examines whether groundwater in the region meets the standards for potable and domestic use, with the hypothesis suggesting that variations in groundwater quality are influenced by both natural geochemical processes and anthropogenic activities. Groundwater quality was assessed through the analysis of 20 samples, revealing predominantly acidic pH values (below 6) and total dissolved solids (TDS) ranging from 383 to 2350 mg/L, with one sample exceeding the permissible limit of 2000 mg/L (BIS in Specification for drinking water IS 10500: 2012, New Delhi, India, 2012). Electrical conductivity (EC) values ranged from 764 to 4690 µS/cm, with the eastern region exhibiting the highest levels. The study identified sodium (Na⁺), calcium (Ca2⁺), potassium (K⁺), and magnesium (Mg2⁺) as the dominant cations, while bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻), chloride (Cl⁻), and sulfate (SO₄2⁻) were the major anions, generally within acceptable limits. Elevated EC values correlated with high TDS, indicating salinity issues. Ionic ratios, such as Na⁺/Cl⁻ and Mg2⁺/Ca2⁺, suggested influences from seawater intrusion to carbonate weathering in certain locations. Approximately 50% of the groundwater samples were classified as potable based on the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), while further analysis using USSL, Wilcox, and Gibb’s plots suggested moderate salt concentrations and predominantly alkaline water types. Although some locations were deemed suitable for domestic purposes, the findings indicate that much of the groundwater in Chennai is unsuitable for drinking due to poor physico-chemical quality. This study underscores the need for regular monitoring and sustainable management of groundwater resources to ensure long-term availability and usability.