Production, characterization and application of charcoal on soil nutrients enhancement and remediation of soil toxic metals
摘要
The paper examines the effect of charcoal prepared from oil palm trunks on nutrient enhancement and remediation of toxic metals in contaminated soil. The test soils were obtained from two different waste dump sites in Benin City, using a standard method of sampling. The physicochemical properties and nutrient of test soils and charcoal were investigated. The performance of charcoal on soil physicochemical properties and nutrients was also assessed. The charcoal showed a remarkable pH, EC (electrical conductivity) and nutrient level. The result of control soils of this research revealed that the soil was mostly sandy-clay. The concentration of macro-nutrients in the control soil particularly nitrogen was below the critical level of some crop nutrients, indicating soil nutrient imbalance. Soil amendment with the charcoal revealed an increased in pH, electrical conductivity and nutrients. Toxic metal partitioning studies indicate that the charcoal additives resulted in the redistribution of arsenic, cadmium, and lead from the metal poisonous phase (exchangeable and carbonate phase) to the less poisonous phase (residual phase).The result of toxic metals mobility showed decrease trend as the rate of charcoal added was increased, signifying possible reduction in bioavailability of the toxic metals at a higher concentration of charcoal additive. This implies the reduction of environmental threats and contamination by toxic metals on farmers, microorganisms, and crops. The rate of 40% amendment (application) shows a remarkable reduction (over 90%) of toxic metals and nutrient enhancement. Thus, charcoal has shown to be a green option for nutrient improvement and remediation of toxic metals in contaminated soil.