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<p>This study addresses a key gap in glaucoma treatment by altering drug delivery and minimizing side effects common with conventional timolol maleate eye drops. Although timolol maleate efficiently minimizes intraocular pressure by blocking catecholamines, conventional drops have limitations that impact efficiency and patient adherence. To address these issues, this research shows the timolol maleate in liposomes, improving drug stability and action duration. Liposomes were prepared by thin film hydration approach, and prepared liposomes were optimized via a 3<sup>2</sup> full factorial design. The optimized formulation showed an encapsulation efficiency of 57.47%, particle size of 340.8&#xa0;nm, and a zeta potential of − 29.0&#xa0;mV. In vitro release tests indicated a controlled, zero-order release profile (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9856). The study suggests that liposome-entrapped timolol maleate is a promising, effective alternative for glaucoma management, potentially improving stability and patient outcomes.</p>

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Development and statistical optimization of timolol maleate encapsulated liposome using 32 full factorial design

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月24日

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  • Anannya Bose,
  • Subhabrota Majumdar,
  • Asim Halder

摘要

This study addresses a key gap in glaucoma treatment by altering drug delivery and minimizing side effects common with conventional timolol maleate eye drops. Although timolol maleate efficiently minimizes intraocular pressure by blocking catecholamines, conventional drops have limitations that impact efficiency and patient adherence. To address these issues, this research shows the timolol maleate in liposomes, improving drug stability and action duration. Liposomes were prepared by thin film hydration approach, and prepared liposomes were optimized via a 32 full factorial design. The optimized formulation showed an encapsulation efficiency of 57.47%, particle size of 340.8 nm, and a zeta potential of − 29.0 mV. In vitro release tests indicated a controlled, zero-order release profile (R2 = 0.9856). The study suggests that liposome-entrapped timolol maleate is a promising, effective alternative for glaucoma management, potentially improving stability and patient outcomes.