Spatial distribution and characteristics of wetlands in Dibrugarh district, Assam: a GIS based approach

Wetlands are vital ecosystems that offer numerous benefits, including supporting biodiversity, regulating climate and aiding public health. Covering only about 6% of the earth's surface, they are incredibly productive, providing habitats for various plant and animal species. Despite their importance, wetlands are under threat from human activities such as agriculture, urban expansion and climate change. This study aims to create a detailed inventory of wetlands in the Dibrugarh district of Assam, India, utilizing high-resolution satellite imagery. Dibrugarh, with its diverse landscape comprising floodplains, lakes, swamps and man-made ponds, is shaped significantly by the Brahmaputra River and its tributaries, Burhidihing and Sessa. Using Resourcesat 2A LISS-IV data, which provides detailed multispectral images, the study identified 1,832 wetlands covering 2,249.94 hectares. These include 18 floodplain wetlands, 70 ox-bow lakes, 23 waterlogged areas and 1,721 ponds and tanks. The Brahmaputra River alone contributes to 18 major wetlands, while the Burhidihing and Sessa rivers form numerous ox-bow lakes. The mapping process involved digitizing the wetland boundaries using ArcGIS software, analyzing their spatial distribution, and comparing them with previous inventory. The study found a significant increase in the number of wetlands identified compared to earlier assessment. The detailed comprehensive inventory of wetlands produced in this study are crucial for informed decision-making by government bodies, urban planners and NGOs. Government bodies can use the data for policy formulation and environmental monitoring. Urban planners can ensure sustainable development and land use planning that preserves wetland ecosystems. NGOs can enhance conservation efforts, community engagement, and sustainable livelihood initiatives.