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<p>Can a weak state develop strong policy capacity? This article explores this question through a case study of a typical weak or middling Indian state that has successfully met significant policy goals. It examines three policy cases across different government levels—National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) at the national level, law and order reforms at the sub-national level, and climate action at the city level—focusing on interconnected strategies such as socio-political learning, puzzling, political will, and powering. These four strategies facilitated policymaking and implementation despite limited capacities. The study shows that effective policy reforms can emerge in low-capacity areas, driven by internal learning and innovation within the state. Future research may explore the potential and limitations of developing policy capacity in weak states.</p>

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Governing across scales: building policy capacity in weak state

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Himanshu Jha,
  • Tanvi Deshpande

摘要

Can a weak state develop strong policy capacity? This article explores this question through a case study of a typical weak or middling Indian state that has successfully met significant policy goals. It examines three policy cases across different government levels—National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) at the national level, law and order reforms at the sub-national level, and climate action at the city level—focusing on interconnected strategies such as socio-political learning, puzzling, political will, and powering. These four strategies facilitated policymaking and implementation despite limited capacities. The study shows that effective policy reforms can emerge in low-capacity areas, driven by internal learning and innovation within the state. Future research may explore the potential and limitations of developing policy capacity in weak states.