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<p>PainChek<sup>®</sup> is a validated medical device, currently approved for clinical use by healthcare professionals to assess and monitor pain in people with moderate to severe dementia living in residential aged care facilities. The implementation of PainChek<sup>®</sup> by family carers of people with dementia living in the community has not yet been researched. To identify implementation strategies for PainChek<sup>®</sup> in community settings, specifically to assist family carers in assessing and monitoring the pain of people with dementia. The first seven steps of the Behaviour Change Wheel were applied. Identification of the problem in behavioural terms and behavioural analysis was enabled by referring to the results of a previous qualitative study. Barriers to implementation were mapped to the core model of the Behaviour Change Wheel: capability, opportunity, and motivation. Intervention functions and Behaviour Change Techniques were selected during two consensus meetings, based on discussion and ratings on their Affordability, Practicability, Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, Acceptability, Side-effects or safety and Equity. Family carers use PainChek<sup>®</sup> to assess and document pain levels for people with dementia during caregiving routines, and family carers communicate PainChek<sup>®</sup> results with healthcare professionals to guide pain management for people with dementia were determined as the target behaviours. Five intervention functions (education, training, persuasion, enablement, and modelling) and 18 Behaviour Change Techniques met the criteria. Applying the Behaviour Change Wheel resulted in the selection of a range of intervention functions and Behaviour Change Techniques to overcome multifaceted implementation barriers to PainChek<sup>®</sup> as a pain assessment tool for use by family carers of people with dementia in community settings. Future research is needed to evaluate the practical application of the implementation strategies developed and the impact of this evaluation on pain management in people with dementia in real-world settings.</p>

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Overcoming Barriers to Digital Pain Assessment by Family Carers of People Living with Dementia: An Application of the Behaviour Change Wheel

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月24日

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  • Areej Hussein,
  • Andrew Stafford,
  • Jeffery Hughes,
  • Joanna Moullin

摘要

PainChek® is a validated medical device, currently approved for clinical use by healthcare professionals to assess and monitor pain in people with moderate to severe dementia living in residential aged care facilities. The implementation of PainChek® by family carers of people with dementia living in the community has not yet been researched. To identify implementation strategies for PainChek® in community settings, specifically to assist family carers in assessing and monitoring the pain of people with dementia. The first seven steps of the Behaviour Change Wheel were applied. Identification of the problem in behavioural terms and behavioural analysis was enabled by referring to the results of a previous qualitative study. Barriers to implementation were mapped to the core model of the Behaviour Change Wheel: capability, opportunity, and motivation. Intervention functions and Behaviour Change Techniques were selected during two consensus meetings, based on discussion and ratings on their Affordability, Practicability, Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, Acceptability, Side-effects or safety and Equity. Family carers use PainChek® to assess and document pain levels for people with dementia during caregiving routines, and family carers communicate PainChek® results with healthcare professionals to guide pain management for people with dementia were determined as the target behaviours. Five intervention functions (education, training, persuasion, enablement, and modelling) and 18 Behaviour Change Techniques met the criteria. Applying the Behaviour Change Wheel resulted in the selection of a range of intervention functions and Behaviour Change Techniques to overcome multifaceted implementation barriers to PainChek® as a pain assessment tool for use by family carers of people with dementia in community settings. Future research is needed to evaluate the practical application of the implementation strategies developed and the impact of this evaluation on pain management in people with dementia in real-world settings.