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Study Design <p>Experimental study.</p> Purpose <p>To assess the accuracy of pedicle screw placement in lumbar vertebrae of goat spine specimen assisted by augmented reality with head-mounted device (Microsoft ® Hololens 2).</p> Overview of Literature <p>Pedicle screw fixation has evolved and become increasingly popular among spine surgeons. Augmented reality is a rapidly emerging technology providing the operating surgeon with computer-generated information superimposed to a real-world environment to increase operative accuracy.</p> Methods <p><b>Sample Size</b>: 66 screws.</p> <p>Goat spine specimens were procured from a butcher and was preserved in formalin for 48&#xa0;h. The processed spine was mounted on a wooden plank. The specimen was then subjected to CT scan, DICOM images were procured and were imported on a software in which a 3D virtual model was created. Virtual planning of pedicle screw placement trajectory was done. The augmented reality application was created and installed in a head-mounted device (Microsoft ® Hololens 2), which recognized and projected the augmented reality hologram with ideal intra-pedicular trajectory. Then pedicle screws were placed in goat spine. Post-procedure CT scan was done to assess the accuracy of augmented reality-assisted pedicle screw insertion via Gertzbein Robbins Classification.</p> Results <p>A total of 66 screws were inserted out of which 48 were grade A, 15 grade B, and 3 grade C. 63 screws were considered acceptable out of 66 i.e., 95.45% acceptable screws.</p> Conclusion <p>Augmented reality-assisted pedicle screw placement using Microsoft ® Hololens 2 is a promising technique to increase accuracy. Formalin-preserved goat spine model is a good in vitro tool for pedicle screw placement research.</p>

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Accuracy of Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Device-Assisted Pedicle Screw Placement in Lumbar Vertebrae of Experimental Goat Spine Specimen

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月22日

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  • Dhruv Maini,
  • Manish Chadha,
  • Sunil Jha,
  • Aditya Nath Aggarwal

摘要

Study Design

Experimental study.

Purpose

To assess the accuracy of pedicle screw placement in lumbar vertebrae of goat spine specimen assisted by augmented reality with head-mounted device (Microsoft ® Hololens 2).

Overview of Literature

Pedicle screw fixation has evolved and become increasingly popular among spine surgeons. Augmented reality is a rapidly emerging technology providing the operating surgeon with computer-generated information superimposed to a real-world environment to increase operative accuracy.

Methods

Sample Size: 66 screws.

Goat spine specimens were procured from a butcher and was preserved in formalin for 48 h. The processed spine was mounted on a wooden plank. The specimen was then subjected to CT scan, DICOM images were procured and were imported on a software in which a 3D virtual model was created. Virtual planning of pedicle screw placement trajectory was done. The augmented reality application was created and installed in a head-mounted device (Microsoft ® Hololens 2), which recognized and projected the augmented reality hologram with ideal intra-pedicular trajectory. Then pedicle screws were placed in goat spine. Post-procedure CT scan was done to assess the accuracy of augmented reality-assisted pedicle screw insertion via Gertzbein Robbins Classification.

Results

A total of 66 screws were inserted out of which 48 were grade A, 15 grade B, and 3 grade C. 63 screws were considered acceptable out of 66 i.e., 95.45% acceptable screws.

Conclusion

Augmented reality-assisted pedicle screw placement using Microsoft ® Hololens 2 is a promising technique to increase accuracy. Formalin-preserved goat spine model is a good in vitro tool for pedicle screw placement research.